Distaste

Because colestipol and cholestyramine are not absorbed, but simply pass through the body by the GI tract, few severe side effects occur. Patients often complain of distaste and constipation, however. More severe side effects such as GI bleeding ate relatively uncommon (151). 

Because Watt, who had an innate distaste for explosions, insisted on low pressures, his engines had... 

Having brought on the row, Judge Morris pointedly ignored the two pleas for open-mindedness. What did it really mean, this repeated complaint that the evidence was irrelevant Often he had referred distastefully to the "lengthy documents, the large number of documents," as if the prosecution should try to condense a tome to a headnote ... 

Dr. Hoffman, Ambros counsel, found it hard to conceal his distaste. 

Dr. Hoffman s distaste for his client had grown so obvious that he let him go on at great length alone (which Ambros did not mind at all) then Hoffman asked a few questions apathetically ... 

There was only one plausible explanation. He had taken part, albeit with distaste, in the robberies in Poland. From the spoils of Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland, Farben had already formed its own Central Patent Agency. In fact, Farben was on its way to running the whole European patent system anyway. In these calm essays, Von Knieriem could rewrite the Farben depredations in those other countries, while looking to a future where the contracts read like a clear conscience. 

In theoretical terms, the non-Marxist tag can be largely attributed to a lack of engagement with the labour theory of value. For Sebastiani (1994 108), Kalecki s silence on this issue could be interpreted either as a tacit acceptance or as a tacit rejection of Marx s premises . Kerr (1997 23), in her textual analysis of Marx and Kalecki, takes the first position, aiming to make explicit what Kalecki often left as understood in the more abstract presentations of his analysis . In contrast, Brus (1977 59) reported that Kalecki felt a strong distaste for the Marxian theory of value, which he considered metaphysical and (if I am not mistaken) never wanted to discuss . 

The Chinese negotiators are generally meticulous and astute. They prefer hard bargaining, searching for the truth of the marketplace no matter where it may be. And they have a strong distaste for Madispn Avenue sales tactics. The Chinese are often both subtle and blunt about what they want. They... 

Dictyota species are rich with unpleasant-tasting chemicals to discourage grazing fishes. Amphipods and other small creatures often find safety in among such unpalatable seaweeds, where fishes are infrequent visitors. The chemicals in Dictyota bartayresii are not unpleasant to PI, and in fact the amphipod uses them to identify the seaweed it eats. Conceivably, PI could also sequester these distasteful compounds for its own protection perhaps surprisingly, it does not. 

Predators ignore sea hares because, like other mollusks without shells, they have chemicals that afford them the protection once given by a shell. (We saw earlier that a compound from a tropical sea hare is now a promising anticancer drug.) Many sea hares have an acrid or fetid odor that is distinctly unpleasant to humans. Their egg masses and their skin must be distasteful, because one exploratory bite is enough to convince a would-be assailant to look elsewhere for food. For some species, the deterrents responsible for these properties may come directly from their seaweed diet, but other species seem to synthesize these defenses for themselves. The evidence is mixed and confusing. 

The nematode problem in citrus is very different from the problem in vegetables and other annuals, where the soil can be fumigated between crops. The final solution of this problem will require either a resistant rootstock or a treatment which will tip the balance in favor of the tree. This latter might be either a systemic which will move downward in the tree and make the roots either poisonous or distasteful to nematodes or a soil treatment which will penetrate to great depths and destroy the nematodes without seriously injuring the trees. Either type of control is a big order. Standard known rootstocks are all attacked and an entirely new rootstock might require 25 years to test thoroughly, while in the chemical field there is no precedent in other crops. 

It may seem out of place in a book of this sort to mention another difficulty which lies in the way of accepting in a straightforward manner the basic facts of inheritance and its importance in connection with the many problems related to it. This difficulty appears to lie in the philosophical or religious abhorrence of the idea of determinism or fatalism. The author shares this distaste, but he is convinced that acceptance of the importance of heredity does not lead to a belief in fatalism any more than accepting the importance of environment does. 

Regrettably, no one other than those who had done the research seemed to have much solid information about the details of our activities at Edgewood. By default, fantasy and rumor took the place of verifiable facts. I watched with distaste as invidious characterizations of our program appeared repeatedly in paperback books and ultimately on oft-visited websites. In 1979, even the prestigious journal Science published incorrect information about BZ, the very potent atropine-like incapacitating agent most often mentioned in books and on Internet websites. It was hard to blame the journal s editor. Few who had been at Edgewood wanted to talk about it, and most of the published information was shamefully superficial. 

Predators learn to avoid distasteful salamanders. When molested, spotted salamanders Ambystoma maculatum) discharge a white slime, mostly in the tail region. They also raise and wag their tail when a predator is near. In one experiment, four out of five chickens learned to avoid these salamanders by sight after... 

Aposematically colored, the yellow-bellied sea snake, Pehmis platurus (Hydrophiidae), of the eastern Pacific has venom and is distasteful. It has no known aquatic predators, although remains were found in murray eels and sharks. Predatory fish such as snappers refuse the snake. They reject its meat even when hidden in palatable squid. Predatory fish of the Atlantic ocean, however, ate the sea snake in experiments, and died after 1 of 12 meals (Rubinoff and Kropach, 1970). 

Two speculative possibilities relate to olfactory aposematism. The first is whether there are non-toxic plants that smell or taste like toxic ones. In other words, do plants practice Batesian mimicry. Such mimicry is unlikely, as mammalian herbivores constantly sample plants and thereby test for favorable and adverse effects of eating a particular species. Furthermore, given the keen sense of smell of mammals, two plant species would have to exactly smell alike for mimicry to work. Second, do two distasteful or toxic plant species smell or taste alike so that herbivores can more easily classify dangerous plants and avoid them (Mullerian mimicry) (Eisner and Grant, 1981 Lindroth, 1988 Augner and Bernays, 1998). 

The aposematic beetle, Metriorrhynchus rhipidius, contains three pyrazines as warning odor components and two amides as bitter principles (Tables III, V, and VIII) (97). Of the three components with the beetlelike odor, the most characteristic is 2-methoxy-3-isopropylpyrazine (24b). The other two components are 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine (24a) and 2-methoxy-3-sec-butylpyrazine (24d). It would seem likely that these compounds will occur in the defensive systems of the aposematic beetles. The two amide components, detectable in the hemo-lymph exuded by adult beetles, are 3-phenylpropanamide (130) and l-methyl-2-quinolone (57), the latter being the major component. It seems likely that these bitter principles contribute to distastefulness to potential predators. 

Moving genes from one species to another is distasteful to some people because it allows genetic changes to occur outside the natural mating processes. What are your opinions on this issue Would they be influenced by the planned use of a particular biotechnology product ... 

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