Disposal of Effluents

Characteristics of the effluents (chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, etc.) heavy metals, calorific value, and ash content shall be studied to determine the disposal path. The guidelines given by Statutory Pollution Control Authorities in the country shall be followed for this purpose. The attached figures show typical pollution control schemes for solid, liquid, and gaseous effluents. 

Following options may be considered for the disposal of solid and liquid effluents  

The wastes which cannot be treated in-house may be sent to secured landfill sites or sent to Common Effluent Treatment Plants or CHWTSTD facilities after carrying out primary treatment and entering into an agreement with the authorised operator of this activity and with permission of Statutory Pollution Control Authorities. 

These facilities are authorised in certain countries, and individual industries may be permitted to hand over their effluents only after the prescribed primary treatment. 

Typical properties of the wastes which need careful primary treatment and safe packing/filling in containers are as follows  

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Disposal of effluent water from multijet ground flare seal drums should comply with paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) above, except that ... 

Quaternary-based materials have been used as alternatives to aldehydes and although they provide acceptable kill rates and odour control, the subsequent disposal of effluent presents heightened challenges. The growing concern over virus survival in toilet tanks has also caused some rethinking of the technology and alternative active materials and their combinations are constantly being researched. 

In the discussion of process and equipment design given in the previous chapters no reference was made to the plant site. A suitable site must be found for a new project, and the site and equipment layout planned. Provision must be made for the ancillary buildings and services needed for plant operation and for the environmentally acceptable disposal of effluent. These subjects are discussed briefly in this chapter. 

Gopalan, R., et al. Treatment and disposal of effluents from pharmaceutical and dyestuff industries in Baroda. Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Pollution, Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute, Zonal Laboratory, 1973 88-94. 

Aoyama, Y., Kawakami, G. and Miki, H. (1979) Pelletizing process of aluminium hydroxide for disposal of effluent from aluminium anodizing equipment. In Industrial Crystallization 78 (7th Symposium, Warsaw), E.J. de Jong and S.J. Jancic (eds.), 465-172. 

More recent reports in the literature indicate that vaniUin may be produced in the future by biotechnological processes. Important criteria will be the price of the starting materials, the space/time yields, and the disposal of effluent and waste by-products. 

N-l Filter Backwash Discharge Fond. The 130-N-l filter backwash discharge pond 1s a percolation pond used for disposal of effluents generated during backwash of the sand filters In the 183-N filtered water plant. The pond Is a natural basin, marsh-like In appearance, located about 0.8 km (0.5 ml) southeast of the N Reactor building. 

All silos must have perimeter drains and a sealed effluent pit whieh is emptied regularly, especially during the period immediately after ensihng when effluent production is greatest. Care must be taken to avoid pollution and to adhere to NVZ regirlatiorts when disposing of effluent on land. 

Discharges to surface waters - in order to discharge to watercourses, consent from the Environment Agency is required. Disposal of new discharges by this route is usually subject to tight controls and is therefore not the usually favoured option. It is likely that disposal of effluent by this route will require treatment to strict limits. 

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