Disintegrin

Moss ML, Jin SL, MiUa ME et al (1997) Cloning of a disintegrin metalloproteinase that processes precursor tumour-necrosis factor-alpha. Nature 385 733-736 Nixon RA, Cataldo AM (2006) Lysosomal system pathways genes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 9 277-289 Noorbakhsh F, VergnoUe N, HoUenberg MD et al (2003) Proteinase-activated receptors in the nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci 4 981-990... 

Ludwig A, Hundhausen C, Lambert MH, et al. Metalloproteinase inhibitors for the disintegrin-like metalloproteinases ADAM 10 and ADAM 17 that differentially block constitutive and phorbol ester-inducible shedding of cell surface molecules. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2005 8 161-171. 

In the normal healthy IVD, the cells not only produce matrix macromolecules and growth factors, they also produce a myriad of proteases [26, 27]. Included in this list of proteases are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanolytic members of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif family (ADAMTS) as well as their respective inhibitors. It is the maintenance of this critical balance that results in a healthy IVD ECM that is subsequently well adapted for its physiologic and biomechanical function. 

Lammich S, Kojro E, Postina R, et al. Constitutive and regulated alpha-secretase cleavage of Alzheimer s amyloid precursor protein by a disintegrin metallopro-tease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 96 3922-3927. 

Lauer-Fields, J.L. et al. 2007. Screening of potential a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 inhibitors using a collagen model fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrate. Anal Biochem. 373, 43-51. 

Swenson, S., Costa, F., Minea, R., Sherwin, R. P, Ernst, W., Fujii, G., Yang, D., and Markland, F. S., Jr. (2004), Intravenous liposomal delivery of the snake venom disintegrin contortrostatin limits breast cancer progression, Mol. Cancer Then, 3,499-511. 

Fig. 1.2 A scheme of the activation of ADAMs and of the shedding process. The dimeric ADAM proteases and their substrates are anchored in the membrane, but are separated from each other. Upon activation (via protein kinases ), the protease is disengaged from disintegrin and associates with the substrate. Proteolysis takes place and the free, soluble ectodomains of membrane-anchored cell-surface proteins are shed from the membrane-anchored substrates and released. (Reproduced from ref. 3, with permission of the authors and Science.)...

R. A. Black, C. T. Rauch, C. J. Kozlosky, J. J. Peschon, J. L. Slack, M. F. Wolfeon, et al. A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumour-necrosis factor-alpha from cells. Nattdre, 385 (6618), 729-733,... 

ADAM. A Disintesrin And MetalloProteinase family of proteins. Disintegrins, as the name implies, are proteins which interfere with interactions of cells with proteins in the extracellular matrix. An example are the inhibitors of the interaction of blood platelets with fibrinogen. Disintegrins are found in snake venom. Metalloproteinases are a family of proteases which need a bivalent cation for catalysis. MMP s are matrix metallo-proteases. They are associated with the extracellular matrix. 

Adenosine deaminase antidrug antibody A disintegrin and metalloproteinase... 

A subfamily of disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity as in NK cells attacking antibody-coated cells... 

ADAMs are membrane proteins that contain a disintegrin and a metalloprotease domain. Disintegrins are RGD-containing proteins that inhibit cell/matrix interactions (adhesion) and cell/cell interactions (aggregation) through the integrin receptors. In addition, ADAMs have two other domains that are involved in signaling and transport (113). 

Posdna R, Schroeder A, Dewachter I, Bohl J, Schmitt U, Kojro E, Prinzen C, Endres K, Hiemke C, Blessing M, Flamez P, Dequenne A, Godaux E, van Leuven F, Fahrenholz F (2004) A disintegrin-nietalloproteinase prevents amyloid plaque formation and hippocampal defects in an Alzheimer disease mouse model. J Clin hwest 113 1456-1464. 

Antibiotics, immune suppressive agents, antibodies for specific agonist receptors, synthetic peptide mimetics of interactive domains of cell matrix components, such as collagen, fibronectin fibrinogen, ticlopidine, disintegrins, proteins firom venoms, proteins from saliva of blood sucking animals and insects. 

ADAM a disintegrin and metaUoprotease ASTIN acute stroke therapy by inhibition of... 

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