Discharge suppression

FM Wampler, AT Blades, PJ Kebarle. Negative ion electrospray mass spectrometry of nucleotides ionization from water solution with SF6 discharge suppression. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 4 289—295, 1993. 

Commercially available equipment for detection and discharge suppression has been successfully applied even for the very large volumes typical of silos and spray dryers [32]. 

The presence of gases that capture electrons and convert them to atomic or molecular negative ions suppress the electrical breakdown. SFg and polychlorinated hydrocarbons also capture electrons and are more efficient discharge-suppressing gases than O2. SFs has... 

Cole, R. B. Harrata, A. K. Charge-state distribution and electric-discharge suppression in negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry using chlorinated solvents. Rapid Common. Mass Spectrom. 1992, 6, 536-539. 

Precipitators are currently used for high collection efficiency on fine particles. The use of electric discharge to suppress smoke was suggested in 1828. The principle was rediscovered in 1850, and independently in 1886 and attempts were made to apply it commercially at the Dee Bank Lead Works in Great Britain. The installation was not considered a success, probably because of the cmde electrostatic generators of the day. No further developments occurred until 1906 when Frederick Gardiner Cottrell at the University of California revived interest (U.S. Pat. 895,729) in 1908. The first practical demonstration of a Cottrell precipitator occurred in a contact sulfuric acid plant at the Du Pont Hercules Works, Pinole, California, about 1907. A second installation was made at Vallejo Junction, California, for the Selby Smelting and Lead Company. 

Explosion Suppression With explosion suppression, an incipient explosion is detected and—within a few milhseconds—a suppressant is discharged into the exploding medium to stop combustion. Pressure and optical detection systems are used suppressors are pressurized and release the suppressants when actuated by an electroexplosive device. 

Chemical-mediated immune suppression has been identified from the experimental study of several wildlife species. Harbour seals fed either chemically contaminated fish from the Wadden Sea or imcontaminated fish were found to have differing immune responses, with the exposed group showing lowered immune response to microbial infections and certain types of cancer. "" Mink fed fish taken from below a discharge point for bleached Kraft pulp mill effluent have also shown impaired immune function, " showing that the non-accnmillative chemicals in this effluent can actively disrupt endocrine associated functions. 

B). They also increase the flammable range, particularly the UFL. An additional effect of elevated pressure is to suppress static discharges (2-6.4.1). 

Matsuda and co-workers [39-41] proposed the addition of some inorganic ions, such as Mg2+, Zn2+, In3+, Ga3+, Al3+,and Sn2+, to PC-based electrolytes in order to improve cycle life. They observed the formation of thin layers of Li/M alloys on the electrode surface during the cathodic deposition of lithium on charge-discharge cycling. The resulting films suppress the dendritic deposition of lithium [40, 41]. The Li/Al layer exhibited low and stable resistance in the electrolyte, but the... 

In addition to inhibiting fast voltage-dependent Na+ currents, many anticonvulsants also suppress persistent Na+ currents, in some cases even more efficiently. This mechanism may also be important in the anticonvulsant action of these substances because persistent Na+ currents are thought to give rise to high frequency burst discharges in some neurons. 

However, the Pt anode is seriously poisoned by trace amounts of carbon monoxide in reformates (fuel gas reformed from hydrocarbon), because CO molecules strongly adsorb on the active sites and block the HOR [Lemons, 1990 Igarashi et ah, 1993]. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made to develop CO-tolerant anode catalysts and cell operating strategies to suppress CO poisoning, such as anode air-bleeding or pulsed discharging. 

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