Dipicolinic acid detection

Goodacre, R. Shann, B. Gilbert, R. J. Timmis, E. M. McGovern, A. C. Alsberg, B. K. Kell, D. B. Logan, N. A. Detection of the dipicolinic acid biomarker in Bacillus spores using Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Anal. Chem. 2000,72,119-127. 

There are two main directions evident from published research. The first is the possibility of increasing the sensitivity of the photometric detection using complexing reagents like pyromellitic [20], trimellitic [21] and dipicolinic acid [23]. These have been studied as binary complexing eluents in combination with EDTA or CDTA as a singlecomponent eluents (Table 2). The second research direction is to increase the range of analyte ions... 

Bacterial spores contain a unique chemical marker— dipicolinic acid, or DPA. DPA is present in nearly all bacterial spores and comprises about 10-15% of a spore s dry weight, or approximately 10 molecules per spore (82-84). Detection of this chemical marker can therefore serve as a positive signal for the presence of bacterial spores, and the ammmt of DPA detected can be used to estimate the approximate endospore concentration (81,85). 

Fig. 5. The method of bacterial spore detection using terbium. Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is released from endospores via lysis or germination and binds to Tb with high affinity. The resulting [Tb(DPA)]" complex exhibits intense luminescence in the visible region (544 nm) under UV excitation (278 nm) that is much greater than Tb " " alone.

S. Farquharson, A. Gift, P. Maksymiuk and F. Inscore, Rapid dipicolinic acid extraction Ifom Bacillus spores detected by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Appl. Spectrosc. 58, 351... 

Bacterial spores are the most resistant microbial structures toward extreme conditions. As a consequence, they find applications in the evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization processes. They are also present in the ominous Bacillus anthracis spores which have been the biological vectors in anthrax attacks. Dipicolinic acid is a remarkable constituent of these spores so that they may be detected through complexation with Tb ". In the proposed procedure. Cable et al. (2007) start from a macrocyclic complex, [Tb(D02A)]+ where D02A is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-... 

It has been demonstrated that dimeric ternary Ln(iii)-cyclen complexes can be formed in solution based on the general self-assembly structure dipicolinic-acid-(Ln-cyclen)2 (see Fig. 13) and it has been shown that these self-assemblies can function as anion displacement probes, acting as a sensor or probe for the detection of H2P20y , H2P04 and... 

Figure 11 Isocratic separation of Bi(lll), U(VI), and Zr(IV) in GBW07311 sediment sample at pH 0 on the 15cm PLRP-S column dynamically modified with 0.1 mmoll dipicolinic acid. Injection volume used was 500 pi with detection at 654 nm with Arsenazo III postcolumn reaction. (Reproduced with permission from the Ph.D. dissertation of James Cowan (2002) The development and study of chelating substrates for the separation of metal ions in complex sample matrices. University of Plymouth, Figure 5.15, p. 218.)...

DipicolinicAcid(DPA) Detection Bacillus and Clostridia species have been found to contain 5%-14% dipicolinic acid (DPA dry weight) this compound has been found to be characteristic to sporulated bacterial cultures. Beverly and coworkers have reported a 10 min detection protocol from B. anthracis cultures using in situ derivatization with Py-MS [43]. 

Beverly, M.B., Basile, E, Voorhees, K.J., Hadfield, T.L. (1996) A rapid approach for the detection of dipicolinic acid in bacterial spores using pyrolysis/mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 10, 455-458. 

I. 7 mmol/L nitric acid +0.7 mmol/L dipicolinic acid flow rate 0.9 mL/min detection nonsup-pressed conductivity injection volume 250 pL peaks 80 pg/L lithium (1, as int standard),... 

The separation was carried out in less than 20 min on Metrosep Carb 1 with O.lmol/L NaOH as the eluent. The cation-exchange separation of the [ F]FCH reaction mixture utilizing nonsuppressed conductivity detection is shown in Figure 10.335. Besides nanomol quantities of the [ FjFCH radiotracer, considerable amounts of the DMAE reactant and trace levels of calcium impurities were detected in this reaction mixture. Using Metrosep C4 as the stationary phase and a mixture of nitric acid and dipicolinic acid as the eluent, the total analysis time is less than 15 min. 

Lanthanide coordination chemistry is still not completely understood, and many attempts are usually required to design specific Inminescent lanthanide complexes. As an alternative to rational design, a combinatorial approach shows promise for the development of specific luminescent lanthanide materials. Shinoda et al. built a combinatorial library to optimize luminescent lanthanide complexes structurally for the selective detection of amino acids. The lanthanide complex library included 196 combinations of 4 lanthanide centers, 7 pyridine ligands, and 7 amino acid substrates (Figure 16.16). The luminescence responses for amino acids depended on the nature of the ligand used. A series of Tb + complexes typically exhibited interesting luminescence responses. The TV+-picolinic acid complex and Tb -pyrazinecar-boxylic acid complex preferred zwitterionic Ala, Val, Phe, and Gin, whereas the Tb complex with dipicolinic acid favored anionic Gin and Asp. 

---