1.3- Diphenyl acetone

The literature procedure for condensation of benzil with 1,3-diphenyl-acetone in ethanol with potassium hydroxide as basic catalyst suffers from the low boiling point of the alcohol and the limited solubility of both potassium hydroxide and the reaction product in this solvent. Triethylene glycol is a better solvent and permits operation at a higher temperature. In the procedure that follows, the glycol is used with benzyl-trimethylammonium hydroxide, a strong base readily soluble in organic solvents, which serves as catalyst. 

Measure into a 25 x 150-mm testtube 2.1 gofbenzil,2.1 gof 1,3-diphenyl-acetone, and 10 mL of triethylene glycol, using the solvent to wash the walls of the test tube. Support the test tube in a hot sand bath, stir the mixture with a thermometer, and heat until the benzil is dissolved, then remove it from the sand. Measure 1 mL of a commercially available 40% solution of benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (Triton B) in methanol into a 10 X 75-mm test tube, adjust the temperature of the solution to exactly 100°C, remove from heat, add the catalyst, and stir once to mix. Crystallization usually starts in 10-20 s. Let the temperature drop to about 80°C and then cool under the tap, add 10 mL of methanol, stir to a thin crystal slurry, collect the product, and wash it with methanol until the filtrate is purple-pink, not brown. The yield of deep purple crystals is 3.3-3.7 g. If either the crystals are not well formed or the melting point is low, place 1 g of material and 10 mL of triethylene glycol in a vertically supported test tube, stir with a thermometer, raise the temperature to 220°C to bring the solid into solution, and let stand for crystallization (if initially pure material is recrystallized, the recovery is about 90%). 

Acyl radicals and acyl anions are proposed intermediates in the reduction of phenylacetyl chloride and hydrocinnamoyl chloride at mercury in MeCN [223]. Among the products obtained from the reduction of phenylacetyl chloride are 1,4-diphenyl-2-butene-2,3-diol diphenylacetate, phenylacetaldehyde, toluene, 1,3-diphenyl-acetone, and l,4-diphenyl-2,3-butanediol, as well as phenylacetic acid and phenylacetic acid anhydride. Analogous products arise from the reduction of hydrocinnamoyl chloride l,6-diphenyl-3-hexene-3,4-diol dihydrocinnamate, hydrocinnamaldehyde, ethyl benzene, l,6-diphenyl-3,4-hexanediol, hydrocinnamic acid, and hydrocinnamic acid anhydride. 

Oxyphenisatin acetate Diphenylacetic acid chloride Diphenpyramide Thiphenamil HCI Diphenyl acetone Diphenadione Diphenylacetonitrile Doxapram HCI Methadone HCI Diphenylacetyl chloride Piperidolate... 

Table 2.3 as a completely worked out example using quantitative solvent extraction, ash content determination, TGA, FTIR, XRF, GC-MS, HS-GC-MS, PyFTIR, ICP, and s-NMR. Information on the cure and antidegradant systems was obtained (assigned species/possible origin), as follows cyclohexane thiol/CBS accelerator benzothiazole/MBT, MBTS or CBS accelerators N, A-dimethylformamide/TMTD accelerator phthalim-ide/Santoguard PVI and IV-phenylbenzene amine/possi-bly a diphenyl/acetone amine antioxidant. 

Diphenyl brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difenacoum, difethialone a a Diphenyl acetone diphacinone... 

Substances with particularly favourable properties can be obtained by the condensation of phthalic acid dimethylester with 1,1-diphenyl acetone or i-(4-chlorophenyl)- -phenyl acetone (32). 

Acetone also reacts with diphenylamine, in the presence of acid, to form a variety of condition-dependent products (5). Excess amine and a small amount of strong acid catalyst at 100—150°C give 2,2-[4,4 -(dianilino)diphenyl]-propane [2980-26-9] (6). With a large amount of hydrochloric acid at 250°C in the presence of excess diphenylamine, the main product is 9,9-dimethylacridan [6267-02-3]. 

A mixture of 56.8 g (0.21 mol) of diphenyl phosphorochloridate (Note 1), 16.3 g (0.25 mol) of sodium azide, and 300 mL of anhydrous acetone (Note 2) in a 500-mL round-bottomed flask fitted with a calcium chloride tube is stirred at 20-25°C for 21 hr. The lachrymatory mixture is filtered in a hood, and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is distilled through a short Vigreux column (Note 3). The yield of diphenyl phos-phorazidate, bp 134-136 C (0.2 ram), is 49-52 g (84-89 ) (Note 4). 

The condensation of thiophene with ketones, under the influence of 70% H2SO4, leads to di-2-thienylmethane derivatives. With acetone, 2,2-di-(2-thienyl) propane (97) is obtained. The condensation of thiophene with dimethyl phenyl carbinol, methyl diphenyl carbinol, and f-butylalcohol, in the presence of SnCU gave (98), (99), and 2,5-di-f-butylthiophene, respectively. Triphenyl carbinol does not... 

Prenyl amine (66) was long used in the treatment of angina pectoris, in which condition it was believed to act by inhibiting the uptake and storage of catecholamines in heart tissue. Droprenilamine (69), an analogue in which the phenyl ring is reduced, acts as a coronary vasodilator. One of several syntheses involves simple reductive alkylation of 1,1-diphenyl-propylamine (67) with cyclohexyl acetone (68)... 

The mixture is taken up with water and the base is extracted from the toluene with dilute hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric solution is rendered alkaline with caustic soda, the base is separated with ether, dried, and after distillation of the ether fractionated in vacuo, BP at 0.05 mm Hg, 150° to 153°C. The basic ether is then dissolved in dry ether, and ether saturated with dry hydrogen chloride is added dropwise with stirring. An excess of hydrogen chloride must be avoided as it may produce decomposition to the corresponding diphenyl ethylene. The ether-moist hydrochloride is preferably dried at once in vacuo and subsequently reprecipitated from acetone-ether and then again dried in vacuo over phosphorus pentoxide. Hydrochloride, MP 12B°C. 

A mixture of 84 parts of 3,3-diphenyl-3-cyanopropyl bromide, 41 parts of 4-piperidino4-pi-peridinecarboxamide, 64 parts of sodium carbonate, a small amount of potassium iodide and 1,200 parts of anhydrous toluene was stirred, and heated under reflux for 48 hours. At the end of this time the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and 500 parts of water were added. The resultant precipitate was removed by filtration, and triturated with diisopropyl ether. The crystalline material thus obtained was removed by filtration, and re-crystalli2ed from 320 parts of acetone, to give 1 -(3,3-diphenyl-3-cyanopropyl)4-piperidino-4-piperidinecarboxamide, melting at about 149°C to 150°C. 

ATRP is usually performed in solution. Many solvents can be used with the proviso that they do not interact adversely with the catalyst. Common solvents include ketones (butanonc, acetone) and alcohols (2-propanol). Solvents such as anisole and diphenyl ether are frequently used for polymerizations of S and other less polar monomers to provide greater catalyst solubility. 

Rossi and Bunnett64 studied the chemical reductive cleavage of diphenyl sulfoxide, diphenyl sulfone and methyl phenyl sulfone under the action of potassium metal in liquid ammonia in the presence of acetone. The enolate ion is used to trap phenyl radicals formed eventually during the process, in order to determine whether one or two electrons are required for the mechanism of cleavage (Scheme 7). In all the runs, phenyl anion is... 

In the year 1994, T. Takao et al. published a staining reaction to identify radicalscavenging activity [21]. Takao et al. used the compound l,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydra-zyl (DPPH), which changes its color, in the presence of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or rutin, from blue-purple to colorless or yellow. Forty mg of DPPH has to be solved in 20 ml of acetone or methanol. The reaction is complete immediately. 

Diphenyl ether herbicides are generally extracted from 10 to 50 g of air-dried soil with an organic solvent such as acetone, methanol and benzene by sonication, mechanical shaking or Soxhlet extraction. If necessary, the extracts are then cleaned by column chromatography or SPE. The extract is evaporated completely to dryness and the residue is dissolved in an appropriate volume of the solvent for GC analysis. The reduced amine metabolites are extracted under alkaline conditions. 

A new class of phosphines (30) containing only an axial element of chirality (atropisomerism) has been made (253, 254). An in situ 1 1 rhodium/2,2-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-1,1 -binaphthyl system (30a) hydrogenated a-acetamidocinnamic acid to a 54% ee (S) using 50 atm H2, the solvent not being recorded (253). The corresponding diphenyl-phosphinite system (30b) in toluene-acetone was particularly effective (76% ee) for hydrogenation (95 atm) of a-acetamidocinnamic and a-acet-amidoacrylic esters (254). 

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