Dioxygenase bacterial

FIGURE 3.2 Classification of bacterial dioxygenases. (From Neilson, A.H. and Allard, A.-S. Microbial metabolism of PAHs and heteroarenes. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3J, pp. 1-80, Springer, 1998. With permission.)... 

The main classes of bacterial dioxygenases have already been outlined in Figure 3.1. 

Boldt YR, Ml Sadowsky, LBM Ellis, L Que, LP Wackett (1995) A manganese-dependent dioxygenase from Arthrobacter globiformis CM-2 belongs to the major extradiol dioxygenase family. J Bacterial 177 1225-1232. 

Chang H-K, P Mohsen, GJ Zylstra (2003) Characterization and regulation of the genes for a novel anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase from Burkholderia cepacia DBOl. J Bacterial 185 5871-5881. 

Denoya CD, DD Skinner, MR Morgenstern (1994) A Streptomyces avermitilis gene encoding a 4-hydroxy-phenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase-like protein that directs the production of homogentisic acid and an ochronotic pigment in Escherichia coli. J Bacterial 176 5312-5319. 

Fetzner S, R Muller, and E Lingens (1992) Purification and some properties of 2-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase, a two-component enzyme system from Pseudomonas cepacia 2CBS. J Bacterial 174 279-290. 

Fischer F, S Kunne, S Fetzner (1999) Bacterial 2,4-dioxygenases new members of the a/p hydrolase-fold superfamily of enzymes functionally related to serine hydrolases. J Bacterial 181 5725-5733. 

Fukumori F, RP Hausinger (1993a) Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134 2,4-chlorophenoxyacetate monooxygenase is an a-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase. J Bacterial 175 2083-2086. 

Hintner J-P, C Lechner, U Riegert, AE Kuhm, T Storm, T Reemtsma, A Stolz (2001) Direct ring fission of salicylate by a salicylate 1,2-dioxygenase activity from Pseudaminobacter salicyloxidans. J Bacterial 183 6936-6942. 

Hurtubise Y, D Barriault, M Sylvestre (1998) Involvement of the terminal oxygenase P subunit in the biphenyl dioxygenase reactivity pattern towards chlorobiphenyls. J Bacterial 180 5828-5835. 

Kaschabek SR, T Kasberg, D Muller, AE Mars, DB Janssen, W Reineke (1998) Degradation of chloroaromat-ics purification and characterization of a novel type of chlorocatechol 2,3-dioxygenase of Pseudomonas putida GJ31. J Bacterial 180 296-302. 

Kimura N, A Nishi, M Goto, K Furukawa (1997) Functional analyses of a variety of chimeric dioxygenases constructed from two biphenyl dioxyganses that are similar structurally but different functionally. J. Bacterial. 179 3936-3943. 

Kuhm AE, A Stolz, K-L Ngai, H-J Knackmuss (1991) Purification and characterization of a 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dioxygenase from a bacterium that degrades naphthalenesulfonic acids. J Bacterial 173 3795-3802. 

Lange CC, LP Wackett (1997) Oxidation of aliphatic olefins by toluene dioxygenase enzyme rates and product identification. J Bacterial 179 3858-3865. 

Wergath J, H-A Arfmann, DH Pieper, KN Timmis, R-M Wittich (1998) Biochemical and genetic analysis of a gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase from Sphingomonas sp. strain RW 5. J Bacterial 180 4171-4176. 

Reduction is an important reaction under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Reductases mediate a wide variety of reactions that are summarized briefly here, and have been discussed in detail in Part 2 dealing with electron acceptors and further in Part 5 with metalloenzymes. The reductases that are components of the aromatic dioxygenases and that are involved in the aerobic bacterial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons are noted parenthetically in Chapter 8, Parts 1 and 2. 

Furukawa K, N Arimura (1987) Purification and properties of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase from polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying the cloned bphC gene. J Bacterial 169 924-927. 

Mars AE, J Kingma, SR Kaschabek, W Reinke, DB Janssen (1999) Conversion of 3-chlorocatechol by various catechol 2,3-dioxygenases and sequence analysis of the chlorocatechol dioxygense region of Pseudomonas putida GJ31. J Bacterial 181 1309-1318. 

Riegert U, G Heiss, P Fischer, A Stolz (1998) Distal cleavage of 3-chlorocatechol by an extradiol dioxygenase to 3-chloro-2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. J Bacterial 180 2849-2853. 

In a classical study, it was shown that during bacterial oxidation of benzene to catechol both atoms of oxygen came from 62 (Gibson et al. 1970). This initiated the appreciation of the role of dioxygenases in the degradation of aromatic xenobiotics, and many examples are given in Chapter 8, Parts 1 and 2. 

Although toluene-2,3-dioxygenase, naphthalene-1,2-dioxygenase, and bipheny-2,3-dioxygenase are broadly similar, an interesting difference has emerged in the products formed from benzocyclo-heptene by bacterial strains that express these activities (Resnick and Gibson 1996). 

Asturias JA, KN Timmis (1993) Three different 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-l,2-dioxygenase genes in the Gram-positive polychlorobiphenyl-degrading bacterium Rhodococcus globerulus P6. J Bacterial 175 4631-4640. 

Krivobok S, S Knony, C Meyer, M Lonwagie, JC Wilson, Y Jouanneau (2003) Identification of 51 pyrene-induced proteins in Mycobacterium sp. strain 6PY1 evidence for two ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases. J Bacterial 185 3828-3841. 

Larkin MJ, CCR Allen, LA Kulakov, DA Lipscomb (1999) Purification and characterization of a novel naphthalene dioxygenase irom Rhodococcus sp. strain NCIMB 12038. J Bacterial 181 6200-6204. 

Zhou N-Y, J Al-Dulayymi, MS Baird, PA Williams (2002) Salicylate 5-hydroxylase from Ralstonia sp. strain U2 a monooxygenase with close relationships to and shared electron transport proteins with naphthalene dioxygenase. J Bacterial 184 1547-1555. 

Crawford RL, SW Hutton, PJ Chapman (1975) Purification and properties of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase from Moraxella osloensis. J Bacterial 121 794-799. 

Wolgel SA, JE Dege, PE Perkins-Olson, CH Juarez-Garcia, RL Crawford, E Mtinck, JD Lipscomb (1993) Purification and characterization of protocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase from Bacillus macerans a new extradiol catecholic dioxygenase. J Bacterial 175 4414-4426. 

Chebrou H, Y Hurtubise, D Barriault, M Sylvestre (1999) Heterologous expression and cbaracterization of tbe pnrified oxygenase component of Rhodococcus globerulus P6 bipbenyl dioxygenase and of cbimeras derived from it. J Bacterial 181 4805-4811. 

Erickson BD, FJ Mondelo (1992) Nucleotide sequencing and transcriptional mapping of the genes encoding biphenyl dioxygenase, a multicomponent polychlorinated-biphenyl-degrading enzyme in Pseudomonas strain LB 400. J Bacterial 174 2903-2912. 

---