Dioxin and related compounds

Norstrom, R.J., Simon, M., and Weseloh, D.V. (1986). Long term trends of PCDD and PCDF contamination in the Great Lakes. Proceedings of Dioxin 86, the Sixth International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds held at Fukuoka, Japan, September 1986. 

Poiger, H. and Buser, H.R. (1983). Structure elucidation of mammalian TCDD metabolites In Tucker, R.E., Young, A.L., and Gray, A.P. (Eds.) Human and Environmental Risks of Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds. New York Plenum Press, 483 92. 

Laboratory studies have reported an excellent correlation between the toxicities of the dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds and their abilities to induce aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity (Poland and Knutson 1982), suggesting that some mechanistic features may be common to both the toxic and AHH-inducing activities of these compounds. Indeed, both the toxicities and the AHH-inducing activities of the dibenzo-p-diox-ins have found to correlate well with binding affinities to a cytosolic receptor (Poland, Greenlee, and Kende 1979 Poland and Knutson 1982). 

Certain structural features have been identified as being associated with high degrees of toxicity, AHH induction and receptor binding for the dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds (Poland and Knutson 1982). These are as follows ... 

Clement, R., C. Tashiro, G. Hunt, L. LaFleur, and V. Ozvacic (eds.). 1990. Chlorinated dioxins and related compounds 1989. Part 2. Chemosphere 20 1263-1979. 

Stalling, D.L., L.M. Smith, J.D. Petty, J.W. Hogan, J.L. Johnson, C. Rappe, and H.R. Buser. 1983. Residues of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Laurentian Great Lakes fish. Pages 221-240 in R.E. Tucker, A.L. Young, and A.P. Gray (eds.). Human and Environmental Risks of Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds. Plenum Press, New York. 

R. I. Pervunina, D. P. Samsonov, V. P. Kiryuhin. Studying of Environmental Pollution with Dioxin and Related Compounds in Cities and Regions of Russia (1988-1996). - In the book Dioxins - XXI Century Supertoxicants.- Regions of Russia.- News bulletin No.3.-Moscow, 1998, p.64-81. 

During the last two decades, a number of different risk assessments of dioxins and related compounds have been performed. Since the mid-1990s, coplanar PCBs have often been included in the assessments. In 1997, WHO established an expert group on dioxins and related compounds. 

Hutzinyer, O., Frei, R.W., Merian, E. and Pocchiara, F. (eds) (1982) Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds. Impact on the Environment. Pergamon Press, New York. 

Trichlorophenoxyacetic, 2,4,5 Acid Dioxin and Related Compounds Dioxin and Related Compounds HxCDF Hexachlorodibenzofurans TCDD Tetrachlorodibenzodioxins TCDF Tetrachlorodibenzofurans Disubstituted and Polysubstituted Benzene Hydrocarbons Diethyl Benzene... 

HMX, Octagen, Octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazine under Secondary Aliphatic Amines HxCDF Hexachlorodibenzofurans under Dioxin and Related Compounds Hydrazine under Ions with Nitrogen Hydrazine Derivatives... 

TCDD Tetrachlorodibenzodioxins under Dioxin and Related Compounds... 

Factor Approach for Risk Assessment of Dioxins and Related Compounds. Journal of Animal Science 76 134-41. 

Goldstein JA, Safe S. 1989. Mechanism of action and structure-activity relationships for the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds. In Kimbrough, Jenson, eds. Halogenated biphenyls, terphenyls, naphthalenes, dibenzodioxins and related products Elsevier Science Publishers, 239-293. 

Safe S (1991) Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds sources, environmental distribution and risk assessment. Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 9 261-302... 

Mason G, Zacharewiski T, Denomme MA, Safe L, Safe S (1987) Polybrominated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Related Compounds Quantitative In Vivo and In Vitro Structure Activity Relationships. Toxicology 44 245... 

Norstrom RJ, Hallett DJ, Simon M, Mulvihill M J (1982) Analysis of Great Lakes herring gull eggs for tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. In Hutzinger O (ed) Chlorinated dioxins and related compounds impact on the environment. Pergamon, New York p 173... 

Harless RL, Lewis RG, Dupuy AE, McDaniel DD (1983) Analysis for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin residues in environmental samples. In Tucker RE, Young AL, Gray AP (eds) Human environmental risks on chlorinated dioxins and related compounds. Plenum, New York p 161... 

Health Risks from Dioxin and Related Compounds Evaluation of the EPA... 

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION, COMMITTEE ON THE CHALLENGES of MODERN SOCIETY. International Toxicity Equivalency Factor (I-TEF) method of risk assessment for complex mixtures of dioxins and related compounds. Pilot study on international information exchange on dioxins and related compounds . CCMS Report Number 176, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C., 1988. 

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