Biphenyl halogenated

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Aroclor Chlorinated biphenyl Halogenated waxes PCB Polychloropolyphenyls Chemical Formula (C,2H x)Clx-... 

Voogt P de, Brinkman UAT (1989) In Kimbrough RD, Jensen AA (eds) Production, properties and usage of polychlorinated biphenyls. Halogenated biphenyls, terphenyls, naphthalenes, dibenzodioxins and related products. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 3... 

Polychlorinated Biphenyl Chlorinated Biphenyl Halogenated Waxes PCB Polychloro- Polyphenyls ... 

At elevated temp. benzophenone, Common organic solvents halogenated biphenyls, halogenated diphenyl oxides, halogenated naphthalenea. m-terphenyl,... 

J. A. Goldstein and S. Safe, in Halogenated Biphenyls, Naphthalenes, Bihenzodioxins and Related Compounds, ed. R. D. Kimborough and A. A. Jensen, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989, p. 239. 

An important application of carbon-skeleton gas chromatography is the simplification of the analysis of complex samples such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyls and polychloroalkanes [709-711], These complex mixtures of halogenated isomers produce multiple peaks when separated by gas chromatography, making quantitation difficult. The isomers have identical carbon skeletons, resulting in a very simple chromatogram after hydrodechlorination. 

Bimetallic nanomaterials such as Pd/Fe, Ni/Fe, and Pd/Au are also active catalysts for the degradation of organic contaminants, including halogenated pesticides, nitroaromatics, polychlorinated biphenyls, and halogenated aliphatics (ethenes and methanes) [151]. 

A chlorinated biphenyl heat-transfer liquid was added to a burning batch of naph-thylsodium to help to extinguish it. An exothermic reaction, followed by an explosion occurred. Sodium is known to react violently with many halogenated materials. 

BFRs are one of the last classes of halogenated compounds that are still being produced worldwide and used in high quantities in many applications. In order to meet fire safety regulations, flame retardants (FRs) are applied to combustible materials such as polymers, plastics, wood, paper, and textiles. Approximately 25% of all FRs contain bromine as the active ingredient. More than 80 different aliphatic, cyclo-aliphatic, aromatic, and polymeric compounds are used as BFRs. BFRs, such as polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), have been used in different consumer products in large quantities, and consequently they were detected in the environment, biota, and even in human samples [26, 27]. 

Highly halogenated organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls and perchloroethylene appear to be too highly oxidised and low in energy content to serve as sources of electrons and energy for microbial metabolism. Bacteria are more likely to use them as electron acceptors in cell-membrane-based respiration processes [154]. The environmental fate of halogenated polymers such as polyvinylchloride or Teflon may depend on the question of whether it will be appropriate to sustain de-halorespiration processes. 

McConnell, F.E. (1980) Halogenated Biphenyls, Terphenyls, Naphthalenes, Dibenzodioxins and Related Products (ed. R.D. Kimbrough), Elsevier, North Holland, New York, pp. 109-150. 

The quantitative environmental analysis of surfactants, such as alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs), is complicated by the presence of a multitude of isomers and oligomers in the source mixtures (see Chapter 2). This issue bears many similarities to the quantitation problems that have occurred with halogenated aromatic compound mixtures, e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) [1]. 

Chu I, Villeneuve DC, Becking GC, et al. 1980a. Short-term study of the combined effects of mirex, photomirex, and Kepone with halogenated biphenyls in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health 6 421-432. 

Kamrin MA, Fischer LJ. 1991. Workshop on human health impacts of halogenated biphenyls and related compounds. Environ Health Perspect 91 157-164. 

Rappe, C. Buser, H.-R. in "Topics in Environmental Health, Halogenated Biphenyls, Terphenyls, Naphthalenes, Dibenzo dioxins and Related Products, Kimbrough, R. D., Ed. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press New York, 1980 Chap. 2. 

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