Dioctyltin dichloride

Monomethyltin trichloride Dimethyltin dichloride Monobutyltin trichloride Dibutyltin dichloride Monooctyltin trichloride Dioctyltin dichloride... 

Dioctyltin dichloride 0% degradation In 39 days No biodegradation observed ... 

Value for dioctyltin dichloride drawn from Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (1992) values for butyltins are from Tsuda et al. (1986, 1988). 

Similar calculations have been undertaken for the mono- and dimethyltin compounds and the mono- and dioctyltin compounds. All of the calculations and input data used are the same (in terms of quantities used at a site, losses to air, and percentages lost to wastewater). It is assumed that the stabilizer compounds contained either 50% each of monomethyltin trichloride and dimethyltin dichloride (for the methyltins) or 50% each of monooctyltin trichloride and dioctyltin dichloride (for the octyltin compounds). 

In vitro studies on the absorption of dioctyltin dichloride and dioctyltin EHMA through rat and human epidermis (occluded and unoccluded) were performed by... 

Perminks et al. (1987) reported that 80% of a single oral dose of dioctyltin dichloride at 2 mg/kg body weight was excreted in the faeces within 2 days. After 3 days, excretion of radioactivity followed first-order kinetics, with a half-life of 8.9 days. After intravenous administration, 66% of the radioactivity was excreted in the faeces, and a half-life value of 8.3 days was obtained, roughly similar to that of oral administration. Percentages of radioactivity excreted in the urine were 11% and 22% following intravenous and oral dosing, respectively. 

Dermal exposure of rats to doses of dimethyltin dichloride at 80 mg/kg body weight produced dermal necrosis with the formation of black scars the same dose of dibutyltin dichloride produced little surface damage to the skin together with subcutaneous oedema. Dioctyltin dichloride produced no skin lesions (Barnes Stoner,... 

Penninks Seinen (1982) reported reduced weights of thymus and spleen at both dose levels from a 14-day feeding study in rats fed dioctyltin dichloride at concentrations of 50 and 150 mg/kg diet (equivalent to 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight). 

Miller Scott (1985) reported marked reduction in thymus weight in rats fed dioctyltin dichloride for 8 or 12 weeks at a level of 75 mg/kg diet. Numbers of lymphocytes together with T cell subpopulations were reduced in treated rats, but no difference was seen in antibody response to sheep red blood cells in vivo. No evidence was foimd of in vitro cytocidal effects of dioctyltin dichloride on blood lymphocytes. Evans et al. (1986) dosed pregnant and non-pregnant rats for 3 weeks at 75 mg/kg diet and reported severe thymic atrophy and extensive vacuolation of reticuloendothelial cells in pregnant animals only. 

MMTC, monomethyltin trichloride DMTC, dimethyltin dichloride MBTC, monobutyltin trichloride DBTC, dibutyltin dichloride MOT, monooctyltin MOTC, monooctyltin trichloride MOT(IOMA), monooctyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptoacetate) DOT, dioctyltin DOTC, dioctyltin dichloride DOT(IOMA), dioctyltin bis(isooctyl mercaptoacetate)... 

Cannon Laboratories (1979) Acute oral toxicity of 1185-13 (dioctyltin dichloride), 28G082, 28H047, 1185-114, 1219-21 (dimethyltin dichloride), 1185-150, 1185-119 and 1185-138 in weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. Reading, PA, Cannon Laboratories Inc., 21 March. 

Schering AG (1999d) Reproduction and chronic immobilisation study for dioctyltin dichloride (ZK 21979) in Daphnia magna (21-d exposure). Berlin, Schering AG, 10 November (Research Report No. IC11). 

Smialowicz RJ, Riddle MM, Rogers RR, Rowe DG, Luebke RW, Fogelson LD, Copeland CB (1988) Immunologic effects of perinatal exposure of rats to dioctyltin dichloride. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 25(4) 403-422. 

DOTC12 dioctyltin dichloride TEPb tetraethyl lead... 

Figure 2. TGA thermograms of products from dipropyltin dichloride (-----), tripropyltin dichloride ( ), dioctyltin dichloride (A/A/J, dibutyltin dichloride (-), diphenyltin dichloride (----------), and cotton itself (- -) at a heating rate of 20°C/min in air...

Miller K, Maisey J, Nicklin S. 1986. Effect of orally administered dioctyltin dichloride on murine immunocompetence. Environ Res 39 434-441. 

Thus when liu4Sn and SnCI4 are heated at 240 °C for 3 h, BuaSnCB is formed in 95% yield,10 but again yields can be low if R is a branched alkyl group. Dibutyltin dichloride and dioctyltin dichloride are prepared in this way commercially. 

Table 13.1 Most abundant fragment clusters (600-1050 daltons) for the product of dioctyltin dichloride and norfloxacin where Oct = octyl...

The following chemicals are utilized without further purification (from Ventron-Alfa Inorganics unless noted otherwise), dibutyltin dichloride (Fisher), diethyltin dichloride, dimethyl-tin dichloride, dioctyltin dichloride, dilauryltin dichloride (Metallcxner Labs.), triphenyltin chloride, tri-n-butyltin chloride (Aldrich), tribenzyltin chloride, tricyclohexyltin bromide, tri-n-propyltin chloride, dibutyltin dibromde, diphenyltin dichloride (Metallomer Labs.), dextran (molecular weight 200,000-300,000 United States Biochemical Corp.), triethylenediamine (Eastman), triethylamine (Eastanan), piperdine (Matheson, Coleman and Bell), N,N-dimethylaniline (Fisher), Aniline (Baker), 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (gift from Reilly Tar and Chemical Corp.), 3,5-lutidine (Aldrich) and pyridine (Baker). 

The following chemicals were used without further ourifi-cation dibutyltin dichloride (Fisher Scientific Co., Fairlawn, N.J.), diphenyltin dichloride (Metallomer Laboratories, Maynard, Mass.), dibutyltin dibromide, dilauryltin dichloride, tri-n-propyltin chloride, diethyltin dichloride, dimethyltln dichloride, dioctyltin dichloride, tricyclohexyltin bromide, triphenyltin dichloride and tribenzyltin chloride (all from Ventron-Alfa Inorganics, Danvers, Mass.), tri-n-butyltin chloride (Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis.) and dextran (molecular weight - 200,000 - 300,000 United States Biochemical Corp., Cleveland, Ohio). 

Dimethoxy-1,5-dimercaptobenzene polymers with Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mg, Ni, Si, or Zn, 312 with metal acetylacetonates, 303, 305 Q.,a -Dimethoxysebacic acid polymers with Co(II), or Zn(II), 282 with diethyltin diacetate, dibutyltin diacetate, dioctyltin dichloride, and diphenyltin dichloride, 283 with phenylthallium diisobutyrate, 282... 

The reactant compounds, namely, dibutyltin dichloride and dioctyltin dichloride, are commercially produced by the Kocheshkov disproportionation reaction whereby Bu4Sn (or OC4 Sn) is heated with SnCLt at about 240°C for several hours. ... 

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