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Inert Simulants for High Explosives. In certain physical tests on weapons explosives, eg the effects of humidity and temp cycling on the dimensional stability of the weapon, it is desirable to simulate the explosive filler by an inert filler. Many such inert simulants have been proposed and tested (Refs 1, 2 3). Simulants for Comp B TNT have been patented (Ref 4). The simulant for Comp B consists of a mixt of 30% of 1,2 hydroxystearic acid, 5% wood rosin 65% dead-burned gypsum. The simulant for TNT is a 40/60 mixt of hydroxystearic acid dead-burned gypsum... 

Chemical modification of wood does result in a treatment which is nontoxic, effective, and nonleachable. The high chemical treatment level required for effectiveness, however, results in a rather expensive treatment. Dimensional stability is also obtained at these high (17-25 WPG) substitution levels so, for those products where both rot resistance and dimensional stability are important, the present state of the technology is close to a viable industrial process. 

In an unpublished study at the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory, the moisture content of wood treated with two commercial formulations reached 48 to 58 percent (based on ovendry weight of treated sample) in 4 weeks1 exposure at 27°C and 90 percent relative humidity. Continuous exposure of wood treated with water-soluble salts to conditions above 80 percent relative humidity can result in loss of chemicals and in adverse effects on dimensional stability and paint coatings. Corrosion of some metals in contact with the wood will also occur. 

Wood has been treated with trioxane (cyclic trimer of FA) (31) and tetraox-ane (cyclic tetramer of FA) (32) in the presence of SO2. The S02-catalyzed formalization with tetraoxane was the most effective among the various formalization methods for improvement of dimensional stability and retention of strength (32). 

Chemical modification of wood, in which chemical moieties are covalently bound to the wood, offers tremendous potential as a general way of upgrading important wood properties such as biological durability and dimensional stability, and may also provide a route to weather-resistant wood products in the future. Research to date has shown that some types of chemically modified wood appear to at least partially resist the surface effects of weathering. The challenge for the future will be to better understand the factors contributing... 

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