Diffusion techniques

Decabromodiphenyl Oxide—Polyacrylate Finishes. An alternative to the diffusion technique is the appHcation of decabromodiphenyl oxide on the surface of fabrics in conjunction with binders (131). Experimental finishes using graft polymerization, in situ polymerization of phosphoms-containing vinyl monomers, or surface halogenation of the fibers also have been reported (129,130,132,133). 

Powis, D. R., Prosser, H. J., Shortall, A. C. Wilson, A. D. (1988). Long-term monitoring of microleakage of composites. Part I radiochemical diffusion technique. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 60, 304-7. 

The use of Equation (22) is very general, but it is also possible, with accurate measurements and data treatment, to perform the quantitative phase analysis in semi-crystalline materials without using any internal standard. This procedure is possible only if the chemical compositions of all the phases, including the amorphous one, are known. If the composition of the amorphous phase is unknown, the quantitative analysis without using any internal standard can still be used provided that the chemical composition of the whole sample is available [51]. This approach, until now, has been developed only for the XRD with Bragg-Brentano geometry that is one of the most diffused techniques in powder diffraction laboratories. 

H.-Y. Lee, M. J. McCarthy, S. R. Dungan 1998, (Experimental characterization of emulsion formation and coalescence by nuclear magnetic resonance restricted diffusion techniques), J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 75, 463. 

Self-Diffusion of Desmopressin and Monoolein by NMR. The self-diffusion coefficient was measured with the NMR diffusion technique using a Bruker MSL 100 spectrometer. Two magnetic field gradient pulses were applied at either side of the 180-degree pulse in a [90x-T-180y-T-echo] spin echo sequence (7,8) (Figure 2). Due to diffusion, the amplitude of a component in the spin-echo spectrum is attenuated according to (7)... 

NMR Self-Diffusion of Desmopressin. The NMR-diffusion technique (3,10) offers a convenient way to measure the translational self-diffusion coefficient of molecules in solution and in isotropic liquid crystalline phases. The technique is nonperturbing, in that it does not require the addition of foreign probe molecules or the creation of a concentration-gradient in the sample it is direct in that it does not involve any model dependent assumptions. Obstruction by objects much smaller than the molecular root-mean-square displacement during A (approx 1 pm), lead to a reduced apparent diffusion coefficient in equation (1) (10). Thus, the NMR-diffusion technique offers a fruitful way to study molecular interactions in liquids (11) and the phase structure of liquid crystalline phases (11,12). 

The objectives of this study were to (a) determine the mobilities of the herbicides, alachlor (2-chloro-2, 6 -diethyl-N-(me-thoxymethyl)acetanilide), butylate (S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarba-mate), and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl phenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methyl ethyl) acetamide in the laboratory using soil leaching columns and soil thin-layer vapor diffusion techniques,... 

Although the trajectory and convective diffusion techniques are conceptually simple, certain mechanisms, in particular, the exact role of the intermolecular force between the particle and the electrode remains an element of debate. Most of these problems arise because continuum models about short-range interactions break down at very short distances, where other factors, much less defined come into play. A complete understanding of the coelectrodeposition process requires a synergy between theoretical models and thorough experimental work. 

In the simpler agar-diffusion technique the relative distances of the HpHb lines and the HBG line from the serum and antiserum wells are used as a basis for typing. 

Specific model applications to the oxidant problem include both the simple rollback (with modifications) and the photochemical-diffusion techniques. Very little modeling of intermediate complexity seems to have been attempted for the oxidant system. 

Demonstration of circulating antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum by gel diffusion techniques. Nature London) 210, 1384-1386 (1966). 

Lusty, C. J. (1999). A gentle vapor-diffusion technique for cross-Unking of protein crystals for cryocrystallography. /. Appl. Cryst. 32,106-112. 

In the case of TTF-TCNQ, single crystals with typical dimensions of 2 x 0.2 x 0.02 mm can be grown from solutions of multiply distilled CH3CN using a U-tube diffusion technique in a glove box filled with argon. High quality crystals are usually obtained after approximately 3 days. 

Trotta M., Debernardi R, and Caputo O., Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles by a solvent emulsification-diffusion technique, Int. J. Pham., 251, 153, 2003. 

P. Venkateswarlu, P. Sita, A new approach to the microdetermination of fluoride, adsorption-diffusion technique. Anal. Chem. 43 (1971) 758-760. 

Morr, C. V., Nielson, M. A. and Lin, S.H.-C. 1969. Sephadex equilibrium-diffusion technique for fractionating whey and skim milk systems. J. Deary Sci. 52, 1552-1556. 

Fig. 2. Ouchterlony double-diffusion technique. The antigen is placed in the center well, cut in an agarose gel, and different antisera in a range of dilutions are placed in the sunounding wells. Antigen and antiserum diffuse toward each other and form a white precipitin line where an antibody recognizes the antigen.

This can be done by the Ouchterlony diffusion technique (see Fig. 2 and ref. 6). by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (see Chapter 15), or by Western blot, either using the purified protein or a more complex mixture of proteins containing the antigen of interest separated on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel (see Chapter 20). 

Vcnkatcswarlu. A.. P. Sira A New Approach to the Microdciermination of Fluondc Adsorption-Diffusion Technique," Anal. Chemi. 43. 78 tt97l). 

---