Distillation multipliers

Multiply vacuum distilled multiply crystallized/water Multiply vacuum distilled gas chromatographed zone refined... 

Multiply vacuum distilled Multiply crystallized/water Multiply crystallized/water... 

Dx )jjjst is equal to the fractional recovery of A in the distillate multiplied by the amount of A in the feed. 

FIG. 14-36 O Connell correlation for overall column efficiency for distillation, To convert centipoises to pascal-seconds, multiply fiy 10 , [O Connell, Trans, Am, Inst, Gfiem, Eng, 42, 741 (1946).]... 

McCormick [97] presents a correlation for Gilliland s chart relating reflux, minimum reflux, number of stages, and minimum stages for multicomponent distillation. Selecting a multiplier for actual reflux over minimum reflux is important for any design. Depending on the com-... 

Pankey et al.21 described a rapid, reliable, and specific enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT ) for amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, and desipramine in sera. To overcome crossreactivity, solid phase extraction was included in sample pretreatment. Disposable 1 mL columns packed with covalently labeled silica gel were conditioned with HPLC-grade methanol (1 mL) and then with de-ionized or distilled water (1 mL). Serum (calibrator, control, or patient sample, 500 L) was applied onto the column, eluted to waste, washed with 900 /uL of wash solution containing acetonitrile (236.1 g/L) and ion-pairing reagent in acetate buffer, pH 4.2, washed with 500 fiL of mobile phase solution containing acetonitrile (393.5 g/L) in methanolic phosphate buffer, pH 7.0,... 

If you wanted to prepare 1 L of a 10 ppm solution of zinc, Zn, you would weigh out 10 mg of zinc metal, place it in a 1-L flask, dissolve it, and dilute to the 1-L mark with distilled water. If you need to prepare a volume other than 1 L, the parts per million (ppm) concentration is multiplied by the volume in liters ... 

If it is required to perform the determination by digestion and distillation, refer to Method 5.6b. Determination of organic plus ammonium-N by digestion and distillation, but use 2 g oven-dry plant sample ground to 1 mm. Also, for the calculation, multiply the sample titre minus blank titre by 0.35 to give the % N in the sample. Multiply the % N by 6.25 to get the % crude protein. This assumes there are 160 g N kg- plant protein. Traditional factors for other products are almonds, 5.18 brazil nuts and peanuts, 5.46 coconuts and tree nuts, 5.30 dairy products, 6.38 wheat, 5.7. Note about 20% of any nitrate present will be included. 

In the case of TTF-TCNQ, single crystals with typical dimensions of 2 x 0.2 x 0.02 mm can be grown from solutions of multiply distilled CH3CN using a U-tube diffusion technique in a glove box filled with argon. High quality crystals are usually obtained after approximately 3 days. 

Determination of Total Oil. The Clevenger hydrodistillation method was used for total oil determination (15). Forty gram samples were distilled for 3i hours. However, due to limited availability, some sample sizes were restricted to 20 grams. Volumetric readings were multiplied by the oil density to arrive at the gravimetric values. All samples were analyzed in duplicate. 

The air is completely expelled from the apparatus by means of a current of carbon dioxide passed through the drawn-out tube and 50 c.c. of the standard iodine solution introduced into the absorption tube. Through the tapped funnel 100 c.c. of the wine and 2 c.c. of concentrated hydrochloric acid are poured into the flask, which is then carefully heated until half the wine has distilled over, the current of carbon dioxide being maintained meanwhile. The iodine solution, which should still be brown, and the rinsings of the absorption tube are titrated in a beaker with the thiosulphate solution in presence of starch paste. The number of c.c. of iodine solution reduced, multiplied by 0 016, gives the total sulphurous add per litre of the wine. 

Schimmel s method. The procedure is as in (1), 50 c.c. being distilled from a flask holding about 100 c.c. and the first one-tenth, i.e., 5 c.c., collected. The distillate, shaken with a little anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered, is polarised in a 2 cm. tube, the reading being multiplied by 5 and referred to 20° C. 

To convert from ft/s to m/s, multiply by 0.3048 from in to mm, multiply by 25.4 from psia to bar, multiply by 0.0689. source From H. Z. Kister, Distillation Operation, copyright 1990 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. reprinted by permission. 

The teacher should dissolve 10.0 g of CuS04 in 90.0 g of distilled water, H20 (1.0 ml H20 = 1.0 g). This results in a 10% solution of CuS04. Calculate the mass percent of this solution (mass of solute in grams, 10.0, divided by mass of solution in grams, 10.0/100.0 =. 100, multiplied by 100 to find percent) to verify that it is a 10% solution. Observe the color. 

Enzyme immobilized on the carrier was multiply rinsed from nonsorbed protein in distilled water then 0.2 M tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) was added to deposits and, finally, treated by... 

In Kaw = 9.77 -2918/(T/K) measured range 5-33°C (distilled water, multiply equilibrium-GC, Hunter-Smith 1983)... 

The important odorant, 2-acetyltetrahydropyridine (ACTPY), has already been mentioned in the previous section. ACTPY and ACPY play key roles in the aroma of popcorn.227 Freeze-dried maize contains relatively high amounts of proline (155), whereas ornithine is not detectable (< 5 mg kg ) Schieberle treated a low-molecu-lar-mass fraction of an aqueous extract of maize in different ways and determined ACTPY and ACPY by isotope dilution assay (Table 5.2). Steam-distillation extraction gave 130 times as much ACTPY than ACPY however, in the presence of added 2-oxo-propanal, the amount of the former was multiplied by 4, but that of the latter by 29. Dry-heating, as in popping, increased the latter further, but the former became undetectable. 

Distillation stage calculations are usually performed with ideal stages, The number of ideal stages required for the separation is divided by the overall column efficiency (Sec, 7,1,1) to obtain the required number of trays. In packed towers, the number of stages in the column is multiplied by the HETP (Height Equivalent of a Theoretical Plate, see Sec. 9.1,2) to obtain the packed height. 

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