Diesel fuel detergents

Detergents used in diesel fuel help to control deposit formation on fuel injector nozzles and act to prevent corrosion of the nozzle orifices. Diesel fuel detergents also aid in preventing deposit and gum formation on high-pressure fuel injector parts. 

Diesel fuel detergents are usually organic amines, imides, succinimides, polyalkyl amines, or other polyamine-type compounds. These compounds function by dispersing and solubilizing deposit-forming compounds into the fuel. Some detergents can also remove existing deposits from fuel injection system parts. 

Diesel fuel detergents Ethylene United States 3,413,104 1968 Chevron Research ... 

The level of injector fouling is most often illustrated in terms of residual flow (RF) expressed as a percentage of the flow under new conditions for a given needle lift. An RF on the order of 20% for a lift of 0.1 mm is a good compromise. This level may not be achieved with certain aromatic or naphthenic diesel fuels. The best recourse is then detergent additive addition. 

In order to meet French manufacturers fuel quality specifications, a diesel fuel should contain a detergent additive whose effectiveness will have been demonstrated by the procedure described previously. 

Diesel fuels, like gasoline, are formulated with additives that affect the process of combustion, in this case to improve the cetane number. Diesel fuels also contain detergents for irijection systems as well as compounds for improving the fuel s low tempierature rheology. Finally, decreasing particulate emissions is a problem of increasing concern, but the mechanism of action to promote this effect is not clearly understood. 

The role of detergent additives is to maintain clean injectors so as to insure good distribution of diesel fuel in the cylinder. The structure of these compounds is similar to that of detergents for gasoline engine admission systems. Commercialized compounds are from the succinimide family (see Figure 9.1). 

Corrosion Inhibitors. The corrosion inhibitors used in diesel fuel ate generally similar to those used in gasoline and, like the latter, produce an effect primarily by surface action. If amine additives ate used for detergency, these may provide some corrosion protection as well. 

Detergent Additives. Diesel engine deposits ate most troublesome in the fuel dehvery system, ie, the fuel pump and both fuel side and combustion side of the injectors. Small clearances and high pressures mean that even small amounts of deposits have the potential to cause maldistribution and poor atomization in the combustion chamber. The same types of additives used in gasoline ate used in diesel fuel. Low molecular weight amines can also provide some corrosion inhibition as well as some color stabilization. Whereas detergents have been shown to be effective in certain tests, the benefit in widespread use is not fully agreed upon (77). 

Fuels and Lubricants. Rare-earth neodecanoates have been claimed as additives for diesel fuels that reduce the precipitation of particles and gum (108). Neodecanoic acid has also been used in the preparation of ashless detergent additives for fuels and lubricants that reduce engine deposits in internal combustion engines (109). 

Detergents added to gasoline and diesel fuel which help to control the formation and buildup of deposits within automobile and truck engines are highly polar oiganic compounds such as succinimides and polyethers. Water can have a strong affinity for many of these detergents. 

The addition of detergents and deposit control additives to fuels is a common practice today. Gasoline and diesel fuel may often contain significant levels of compounds formulated to prevent deposit formation on and within fuel intake system components. 

Deposit control additives or detergents are added to diesel fuel to help prevent the formation and accumulation of deposits on fuel injection system parts. Detergents provide the following performance function in the diesel engine ... 

Other interesting products that can be obtained from waste plastics using combined thermal and catalytic processes are alkylaromatic compounds, which possess industrial applications as automatic transmission fluids (ATF), detergents (linear alkyl benzenes, LAB), and improvers of cetane number in diesel fuels [104]. The process uses as raw material the olefins generated in a previous step of thermal and catalytic cracking, which represent a cheaper source of olefins alternative to the currently existing ones. No special details about the conditions applied for the olefin production are indicated, the emphasis being focused on the alkylation step. Alkylation catalysts comprise conventional Lewis... 

For engines using modern diesel fuels, with relatively low levels of sulphur, corrosive cylinder linear wear is not a problem, provided that adequate overbased detergents are present in the lubricant to neutralise the sulphur acids produced by combustion. The rate of formation of reacted films usually follows the Arrhenius Law, as in Equation (3.3) ... 

Dodecylamine (detergent) Diesel fuels 200-mg solid-phase in 3-mL reservoir aminopropylisolute cartridges CL 2.9 mg L 1 Two mini-columns to improve sampling rate [237]... 

Gasoline and diesel fuel often contain additives to improve engine performance. Some examples of these are shown in Table 2. The most important class of performance additives is detergents/disper-sants. While these perform the indicated task of minimizing engine deposits, they also serve as the primary means by which marketers differentiate their products. Very often products are distributed and exchanged as commodities between the point of... 

Additives in diesel fuel are generally similar to gasoline, being nitrogenous, hydrocarbon-soluble detergents and dispersants. The less volatile nature of the matrix can complicate the concentration step, but otherwise the general approach is similar to that for gasoline additives. 

Petroleum distillates Diesel fuel oil Diesel lubricating oil Technical oils/grease Cement Glass wool Anticorrosives Rust-removing agent Detergents... 

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