Diesel chromatograms

Petroleum Industry Gas chromatography is ideally suited for the analysis of petroleum products, including gasoline, diesel fuel, and oil. A typical chromatogram for the analysis of unleaded gasoline is shown in Figure 12.25d. 

Salmeen IT, AM Pero, R Zator, D Schuetzle, TL Riley (1984) Ames assay chromatograms and the identification of mutagens in diesel particle extracts. Environ Sci Technol 18 375-382. 

FIGURE 4.11 Standard gas chromatograms for gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, JP-5 jet fuel, diesel fuel, and crude oil. 

Figure 10.25 Ct C24 expansion of the simulated distillation chromatograms for a variety of diesel samples.

Salmeen, I. T., A. M. Pero, R. Zator, D. Schuetzle, and T. L. Riley, Ames Assay Chromatograms and the Identification of Mutagens in Diesel Particle Extracts, Environ. Sci. Technol., 18, 375-382 (1984). 

Salmeen, I. T., R. A. Gorse, Jr., and W. R. Pierson, Ames Assay Chromatograms of Extracts of Diesel Exhaust Particles from Heavy-Duty Trucks on the Road and from Passenger Cars on a Dynamometer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 270-273 (1985). 

Figure 2. Gas chromatogram of A, PAH fraction of diesel particulate extract (Sl-C2) and By its HPLC subfraction C (S1-C2). GC conditions 45- X 0.35-mm id SE54 glass capillary column flame ionization detector temperature, 110°C for 2 min, programmed to 170°C at 10°/min, to 212°C at 3°/min, to 278°C at 8°/min. Peak identities 1, phenanthrene 2, anthracene 3-6, methylanthracene/-phenan-threne 7, 2-phenylnaphthalene 8-10, dimethylanthracene/-phenanthrene 11, fluoranthene 12, aceanthrylene/acephenanthrylene 13, pyrene 14-15, trimethylan-thracene/-phenanthrene 16, benzo [ghi]fluoranthene 17, benzo[a/anthracene 18, triphenylene 19, chrysene 20, benzo[b]fluoranthene 21, benzo[]]fluoranthene ...

Figure 14.16 Typical chromatograms of LC (a) and SFC (b) analysis of aromatics in diesel fuel. Peak identification is as follows 1, total saturates 2, total aromatics 3, mono-aromatics 4, higher-ring aromatics.

Figure 12 shows the 254 nm absorption chromatogram of a complex mixutre of PAH s extracted from a marine diesel fuel and separated on a reverse-phase C-18 column using a methanol/ water gradient. For this analysis the OMA 2 system was program-... 

Figure 12. HPLC absorption chromatogram of a marine diesel fuel oil...

Figure 1. Chromatogram recorded with FID (a) from an ethyl acetate solution containing diesel fuel (0.03 %), tabun (5ng), mustard (3ng), and HN-3 (20 ng) and (b) is from a similar solution but with no diesel fuel...

Figure 7. Part of a TIC chromatogram obtained after the GC/MS analysis of rubber contaminated with diesel fuel and sulfur vesicants, (a) Dichloromethane extract and (b) thermodesorption at 120 °C. 1, mustard gas 2, mustard disulfide. Data recorded at TNO-PML on a VG 70-250S GC/MS instrument (Micromass, UK) (40). (Reproduced from Wils, E. R. J., Hulst, A. G., de Jong, A. L., J. Chromatogr., 625, 382-386 (1992) by permission of Elsevier Science)...

Fig. 10.1 Chromatogram of wine extract mildly contaminated with diesel oil. The peaks of ions 155 and 170 are typical of this type of contamination (naphthalene derivatives present in aU the hydrocarbons)...

Figure 5.2. PFPD gas chromatograms for the commercial gasoline, jet fuel (JP-8), diesel, and low-sulfur diesel along with the results of sulfur identifications.

The ASTM standard does not give restriction to the iodine value of methyl esters but the European biodiesel standard (EN 14214) states that the iodine value should be no more than 120. JCME is within the requirements of EN 14214. The iodine number of conventional (automotive) diesel fuel is reported to be 10. Based on the results shown in Table 2, the iodine value of the methyl esters differs only slightly from that of their parent oil. The iodine value derived from the GC-MS chromatograms are higher than those derived from the Wijs solution method, mainly because Equation 1 assumes full iodonization and treats all the double bonds as being equally reactive to oxidation. ... 

Using TLC-NDIR detection, it is possible to differentiate between important industrial products of biogenic and nonbiogenic origin. Mineral oil diesel and bio-diesel can be clearly distinguished from each other. The same applies to mineral oil-based lubricants and bio-lubricants based on rape oil, whose chromatograms are shown in Fig. 107a,b. 

FIGURE 27.4 GC-FID chromatograms of six petroleum products (Jet fuel, Diesel, weathered Diesel, IFO-180, Fuel No. 5 (Bunker B), and Heavy Fuel Oil), illustrating differences of these products in the chromatographic profiles, carhon range, and UCM distrihution patterns. 

FIGURE 27.7 GC-MS imjz 85 and 83) chromatograms of Arabian Light Oil, Jet A fuel, Diesel No.2, and HFO6303, illustrating distinguishing features of n-alkane and aUtyl-cyclohexane distribution patterns between these oil and oil products. 

The distribution patterns of biomarkers are, in general, different from oil to oil and from oil to refined products. Figure 27.22 and Figure 27.23 show GC-MS chromatograms at m/z 191 and 218 for Sockeye (California), Orimulsion-400 (Venezuela), HFO 6303, and Diesel No.2 (Ontario). The differences in the relative distribution of terpanes and steranes between Sockeye oil and Orimulsion are very apparent. For Sockeye, C28-bisnorhopane, C29 and C30 a(3 hopane are the most abundant with the concentration of C28 being even higher than C29 and C30 hopane. For Orimulsion, C23 terpane is the most abundant and the concentration of C29 is lower than C30 hopane. For HFO 6303,... 

FIGURE 27.26 GC-MS chromatograms at mjz 123 for sesquiterpane analysis of Jet A (2002), Diesel No. 2 (2002, from Ottawa Stinson Gas Station), Diesel No. 2 (for 94 Mobile Bum, 16.3% weathered), a Korean diesel ( 1, 2003, from Korea), 1998-spilled-diesel (from Quebec) and 1998-suspected-source diesel (from Quebec). The different distributions of the sesquiterpanes demonstrate the differences between diesels and between diesel and jet fuel. 

Figure 10. - Chromatograms of Diesel Fuel and Unturned Fuel Fractions from Catalyst "C" and Gamma-Alumina...

Fossil-fueled vehicles give rise to emissions of unburned fuel and partially oxidized hydrocarbons [102,106]. Prominent are the BTEX suite of aromatics - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes. These compounds are ubiquitous in the environment, present in essentially every hive atmosphere we test and often among the most prominent peaks in the chromatogram. To date, it has not been possible to position a bee colony that avoids capture of significant amounts of BTEX. We also detect more biorefractive fuel components in hive air - polycyclic aromatics and biphenyls commonly associated with diesel products [114]. Incompletely burned fuel residuals [102] were also evident as noted in the Oxygenates portion of Table 2.5. These comprised aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and oxides. 

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