Diamond shaping

Crystallization conditions such as temperature, solvent, and concentration can influence crystal form. One such modification is the truncation of the points at either end of the long diagonal of the diamond-shaped crystals seen in Fig. 4.11b. Twinning and dendritic growth are other examples of such changes of habit. 

Containers less than bulk must bear the red diamond-shaped "FLAMMABLE LIQUID" label. Bulk containers must display the red "FLAMMABLE" placard in association with the UN1090 identification. Fire is the main ha2ard in emergencies resulting from spills. Some manufacturers provide transportation emergency response information. A listing of properties and ha2ard response information for acetone is pubHshed by the U.S. 

Ha2ard identification of the contents of in-plant bulk storage tanks, warehouses, etc, may be achieved by a system developed by the NFPA (48). The system makes use of three diamond-shaped areas, which are marked with numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 indicating increasing ha2ards of toxicity, flammabHity, and reactivity, respectively. 

Because of its high toughness and good thermal shock resistance, test results indicate the possibility of using square-, triangular-, and diamond-shaped tools of SiAlON for machining superaHoys in the intermediate speed range (ca 150 m /min) where only round tools are used currently with other ceramics. 

Crystal growth modifiers have been employed to improve filterabiHty and water retention of Ca(OCl)2 2H20, which typically crystallizes as fine plates. Addition of zinc dust or salts produces larger square- and diamond-shaped, untwinned dihydrate crystals (215). Coarse prismatic crystals are obtained by use of carbohydrates and carboxyHc acids and thek salts (216). 

Figure 40. Crystallizer showing eccentric coil, diamond-shaped arms, and scraper scroll.

The NFPA 704 System (used at industrial facilities) This system uses a diamond shaped diagram divided into four quadrants to identify the health , flammability and reactivity of a chemical. Severity is indicated by numbers 0 to 4, with 4 being the most severe. 

Placards are diamond shaped, 10 4" square. The placard provides recognition information in a number of ways ... 

Ergometrine crystallises, with solvent, from benzene in needles or from methyl ethyl ketone in prisms both forms have m.p. 162-3° (dec.). From ethyl acetate it crystallises at — 4° in thin, solvent-free plates, m.p. 160-1° (dec.), and at atmospheric temperature on concentration in vacuo in diamond-shaped plates, B.0-5EtAc, m.p. 130-2° (dec.), from which the combined solvent is not removed at 100° in vacuo. By crystallisation from acetone, Grant and Smith obtained a second form in long needles, m.p. 212° (dec.), which appears to be the more stable, since the form, m.p. 162-3°, tends to pass into it on keeping. Ergometrine has [o]d — 44° (CHCI3) - - 42-2° or + 62-6° (c = 1-7, EtOH) or... 

The other detonability length scale is the detonation cell width, X (also called cell size) which is the transverse dimension of diamond shaped cells generated by the transverse wave stmctnre at a detonation front. It has a fish scale pattern (see Figure 4-4). Detonation cell widths are nsnally measured by the traces (soot) deposited on smoke foils inserted in test vessels or piping surfaces. The more reactive the gas-air mixture, the smaller is the cell size. The same is tme for chemical indnction length as a qualitative measure of detonability. The cell width, X, is a parameter that is of practical importance. The transition from dehagration to detonation, propagation, and transmission of a detonation, can to some extent be eval-... 

A fresh start and the true beginning of bicycles becoming a popular means of transportation can be traced to around 1886 and the efforts of John Kemp Starley and William Sutton. With equal-sized wheels, tubular steel diamond-shaped frame geometry, and a chain-and-sprocket chain drive to the rear wheel, the safety bike looked much like the modern version. 

The most recently developed anode for the cathodic protection of steel in concrete is mixed metal oxide coated titanium mesh The anode mesh is made from commercially pure titanium sheet approximately 0-5-2mm thick depending upon the manufacturer, expanded to provide a diamond shaped mesh in the range of 35 x 75 to 100 x 200 mm. The mesh size selected is dictated by the required cathode current density and the mesh manufacturer. The anode mesh is supplied in strips which may be joined on site using spot welded connections to a titanium strip or niobium crimps, whilst electrical connections to the d.c. power source are made at selected locations in a suitably encapsulated or crimped connection. The mesh is then fitted to the concrete using non-metallic fixings. 

Fig. 2.2. A diamond-shaped crystal showing four sectors and the folds lying parallel to the (110) growth faces...

Explosive chemicals tend to be governed by separate legislation, e.g., in the UK, The Classification and Labelling of Explosives Regulations 1983. These require the HSE to classify any explosive before it may be supplied. Under the scheme, explosives are labelled according to a classification based on hazard division (Table 12.7), and on compatibility (Table 12.8), which takes into account their sensitivity, explosivity and chemical nature. Labels are diamond shaped the top half is reserved for the pictograph and division number, the bottom half shows the hazard code and the classification number. Figure 12.1 shows the label for Class 1, Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosive. 

Fig. 2.57. Pb isotopic compositions in volcanogenic Cu sulfide deposits in Japan. Diamond shape K], K2 and K3 indicate average values of Kuroko-type deposits Ki Taro (Cretaceous) K2 Northeast Japan (Miocene) K3 southwest Japan (Miocene). Note that the Shimokawa ores (solid square, Besshi subtype) and Yanahara ores (open square, Hitachi subtype), closely associated with sediments, tend to have slightly more radiogenic values than the others (solid circles) (Sato and Kase, 1996).

Filament arrangement Sarcomeres Diamond-shaped lattice Diamond-shaped lattice... 

Because there are no sarcomeres in smooth muscle, there are no Z lines. Instead, the actin filaments are attached to dense bodies. These structures, which contain the same protein as Z lines, are positioned throughout the cytoplasm of the smooth muscle cell as well as attached to the internal surface of the plasma membrane. Myosin filaments are associated with the actin filaments, forming contractile bundles oriented in a diagonal manner. This arrangement forms a diamond-shaped lattice of contractile elements throughout the cytoplasm. Consequently, the interaction of actin and myosin during contraction causes the cell to become shorter and wider. 

Cover the charge with another piece of paper or cloth, fold over the edges and tape tightly to retain the charge in a flat diamond shape. See Figure 42. 

---