Diabetes/diabetic

Shulman, R. G., and Rothman, D. L., 1996. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of muscle and applications to exercise and diabetes. Diabetes 45 S93-S98. 

Schwanstecher C, Schwanstecher M (2002) Nucleotide sensitivity of pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channels and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51 (Suppl 3) S358-362... 

Histoiy of gestational diabetes (diabetes that develops during pregnancy but disappears when pregnancy is over)... 

SCOTT F W, ROWSELL P, WANG G S, BURGHARDT K, KOLB H, FLOHE S (2002) Oral exposure tO diabetes-promoting food or immunomodulators in neonates alters gut cytokines and diabetes. Diabetes. 51 73-8. 

Reduction of Protein Glycosylation in Diabetes. Diabetic Care, 14(1) 68-72. 

Baynes, J.W. (1991). The role of oxidative stress in the development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes 40, 405-412. 

Ceriello, A., Giugliano, D., Quatraro, A., Donzella, C., Dipalo, G. and Lefebvre, P.J. (1991). Vitamin E reduction of protein glycosylation in diabetes. Diabetes Care 14, 68-72. 

Hiramatsu, K. and Arimori, S. (1988). Increased superoxide production by mononuclear cells of patients with hyper-triglyceridaemia and diabetes. Diabetes 37, 832-837. 

Lyons, T.J. (1991). Oxidised low density lipoproteins a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes Diabet. Med. 8, 411-419. 

Nerup, J., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Molvig, J., Helqvist, S., Wogensen, L. and Egeberg, J. (1988). Mechanisms of pancreatic 8-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. Diabet. Care 11, 16-23. 

From American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, North American Association for the Study of Obesity. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004 27 596-601, with permission. 

American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006 29(suppl 1) S4-S42. 

If the body is unable to neutralize acids due to a disease or other problem, a condition called acidosis can result. Acidosis occurs when the bloods pH goes below its normal level of 7.35. One disease that can cause acidosis is diabetes. Diabetic acidosis is caused by a lack of insulin. This condition most often occurs when a Type I diabetic misses his or her scheduled dose of insulin. 

A.I. Vinik, P.M.M. Barlow, J. Ullal, C.M. Casellini, H.K. Parson, Pioglitazone treatment improves nit-rosative stress in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 29, 869-876 (2006). 

Laffel, L. (1999) Ketone bodies a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes. Diabetes Metab. Res. 15, 412 126. 

J. W., Dickinson, S. and Holmes, D. (2002) Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV improves metabolic control over a 4-week study period in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 25, 869-875. 

Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R., and King, H. (2004). Global prevalence of diabetes. Diabetes Care 27,1047-1053. 

Jaeckel E. von Boehmer H. Manns MP Antigen-specific Foxp3-transduced T-cells can control established type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2005 54 306-310. 

Bruder D, Westendorf AM, Hansen W, Prettin S, Gruber AD, Qian Y, von Bohmer H, Mahnke K, Buer J On the edge of autoimmunity T-cell stimulation by steady-state dendritic cells prevents autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes 2005 54 3395-3401. 

Field, L. L., Bonnevie-Nielsen, V., Pociot, F., Lu, S., Nielsen, T. B., and Beck-Nielsen, H. (2005) OAS1 splice site polymorphism controlling antiviral enzyme activity influences susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 54, 1588-1591. 

It is important to check that a patient presenting with a foot problem does not have diabetes. Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of developing infections because of injury from the keratolytic action of salicylic acid. Patient should be advised to apply petroleum jelly to the skin surrounding the area where salicylic acid will be applied. Petroleum jelly protects the skin from the irritation caused by the salicylic acid. Using a file or pumice stone to gently rub away the surface of the corn or calluses helps to remove them. 

Bailey CJ, Day C. (1989) Traditional treatments for diabetes. Diabetes Care 12 553-564. 

Jackson RA, Hawa MI, Japan JB, Sim BM, Silvio D, Featherbe L, Kurtz D. (1987) Mechanism of metformin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes 36 632-640. 

Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy. A consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006 29 1963-72. 

HV177 Yu Y. M., W. C. Chang, C. T. Chang, C. L. Hsieh, and C. E. Tsai. Effects of young barley leaf extract and antioxidative vitamins on LDL oxidation and free radical scavenging activities in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab... 

Stene L.C., D. Hongve, P. Magnus, K.S. Rnningen, and G. Joner (2002). Acidic drinking water and risks of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 25 1534—1538. 

Saremi, A., Tulloch-Reid, M., and Knowler, W.C., Coffee consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26, 2211, 2003. 

M. 1. Trenell, K. G. Hollingsworth, E. L. him and R. Taylor, Increased daily walking improves lipid oxidation without changes in mitochondrial function in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2008, 31,1644-1649. 

C. Weyer, J. F. Gauthier, E. Danforth (1999). Development of P-3-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 25 11. 

Managing the Complications of Diabetes. Diabetes is more than just a disorder of elevated glucose it is a systemic disease that affects many organ systems. In addition to the metabolic problems there are numerous neurological, circulatory, and renal complications, even when the blood glucose level is properly controlled. The main reason is the unnatural administration of insulin by injection, instead of the constant secretion by the pancreas in response to changing blood glucose levels. Diabetics have a predisposition of atherosclerosis, with an increased risk for heart attacks and stroke. 

Andreani, D., Di Mario, U., and Pozzilli, P. (1991). Prediction, prevention, and early intervention in insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes/Metab. Rev. 7, 61-77. 

Intensive insulin regimens are prescribed for almost everyone with type 1 diabetes—diabetes associated with a severe deficiency or absence of endogenous insulin production—as well as many with type 2 diabetes. 

---