Diabetes, anti-diabetic experimental

Gupta, D., Raju, J. and Baquer, N.Z. (1999) Modulation of some gluconeogenic enzyme activities in diabetic rat liver and kidney effect of anti-diabetic compounds. Indian journal of Experimental Biology 37(2), 196-199. 

Now take an essentially sound experimental design. We want to determine the average elimination half-life of a new anti-diabetic drug in type II diabetics aged 50-75, within Western Europe. We recruit several hospitals scattered throughout Western Europe and they draw up a census of all the appropriately aged, type II diabetics under their care. From these lists we then randomly select potential subjects. 

Grover, J.K.,V. Vats, and S.S. Rathi. 2000. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Eugenia jambolana and Tinospora cordifolia in experimental diabetes and their effects on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. /. Ethnopharmacol. 73(3) 461-470. 

Early studies revealed that ginseng possesses biomodulatory effects on the higher centers of the central nervous system, facilitating both physical and mental activities. It has a noteworthy effect on the endocrine system, regulating the blood sugar level as demonstrated in alloxan diabetics. Recent experimental and clinical studies concluded that it has a wide range of effects, such as a remarkable anti-shock effect in circulatory failure, modulatory effects on the immune functions, modulation of cellular metabolic processes, modulation of neuroendocrine system activities, improvement of learning and memory processes, and others (see Tab. 12). 

The anthocyanin pigments of bilberries Vaccinium myrtillus have long been used to treat circulatory disorders and improve visual acuity [39]. There is experimental evidence that certain flavonoids and anthocyanins have anti-inflammatoiy properties. Orally administered anthocyanins are beneficial for treating ulcers and diabetes, and they may have antimicrobial and antiviral activities. The chemical evidence for these flavonoid properties is believed to be related to their antioxidant capacity, which is their ability to scavenge and trap free radicals that damage biomolecules [42]. 

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