Devices based on poly

V. Cimrova and D. Vyprachticky, Enhanced electroluminescence from light-emitting devices based on poly(9,9-dihexadecylfluorene- 2,7-diyl) and polysilane blends, Appl. Phys. Lett., 82 642-644, 2003. 

Q. Zheng, R. Sun, X. Zhang, T. Masuda, and T. Kobayashi, Electroluminescent devices based on poly(diphenylacetylene) with carbazolyl side groups, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 36 L1508-L1510, 1997. 

Grizzi, I., Garreuau, H., Li, S., and Vert, M. (1995). Hydrolytic degradation of devices based on poly(dl-lactic acid) size dependence. Biomaterials, 16, 305-311. 

Dual-type absorptive/transmissive polymer electrochromic devices based on poly[thiophen-3-ylacetic acid 4-pyrrol-1-ylphenyl ester (TAPE)-co-A -methylpyrrole (NMPy)] and PEDOT have been assembled, which exhibit good optical memory, stability with moderate switching times and light yellow and green colors upon doping and dedoping, respectively [82],... 

J. Kido, K. Hongawa, K. Okuyama and K. Nagai, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2627 (1993). The authors proposed EL devices based on poly(A/-vinylcarbazoIe) having a similar layered stmcture where electrogenerated ex-citons can be effectively confined. 

Akhtar et al. [902(a)] were one of the first to describe completely assembled, sealed, solid-state electrochromic devices based on CPs. In one set of devices, the fairly common Li-triflate/Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/acetonitrile formulation for nonaqueous solid electrolytes was used. However, in another set, the unique combination of poly(ethyleneimines) of different MWt and protonic acids such as hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, acetic and poly(styrene sulfonic) was used. Additionally, the films of the CP, P(ANi), were prepared electrochemically as well as by sublimation, and in one set of devices Fe-tungstate was used as a counter electrode to provide a definitive counter electrode reaction (Lithiation). While cyclabilities to several thousand cycles were claimed, the electrochromic dynamic range and other parameters were fairly poor, as seen in Figs. 20-3. Very rapid switching times have been claimed for many P(ANi)- or P(ANi)-derivative based devices. For example. Ram et al. [902(b)] claimed a 143 ms switching time for liquid-electrolyte devices based on poly(aniline-co-o-anisidine). 

Chandrasekhar et al. [67, 916] described a number of sealed, liquid- and solid-electrolyte devices based on poly(aromatic amines) similar in structure to P(ANi) and poly (diphenyl amine), operating in 2- as well as 3-electrode mode. Color changes were from glass-clear transparent to dark green-blue-black. Figs. 20-7(a-c show spectroelectrochemical characterization data for some of these. Figs. 20-8(a.b> show chronovoltabsorptometry data for solid state devices. 

Wu SJ, Tai QD, Yan F (2010) Hybrid photovoltaic devices based on poly (3-hexylthiophene) and ordered electrospun ZnO nanofibers. J Phys Chem C 114(13) 6197-6200... 

T.-H. Lin and K. C. Ho. 2006. A complementary electrochromic device based on poly aniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 90(4) 506-520. 

Nonlinear Optical Applications. Second-order nonlinear (NLO) materials based on ElAPs have shown promise for use in the photonics industry extensive research has been conducted in this area over the past several decades (356,357). Devices based on poly(diacetylene) have been used to demonstrate all-optical switching at 1.6 tm (358). The NLO process occurs when an electromagnetic field interacts with a medium. When the medium is subjected to an electric field E(0) and an optical field E(co), the nonlinear effect arises from field-induced... 

BARBOSA, P.C., SILVA, M.M., SMITH, M.J., et al., SoUd-state electrochromic devices based on poly(trimethylene carbonate) and Uthium salts. Thin Solid Films, 2008,516,1480-3. 

TT-Conjugated linear polymers have attracted attention as materials in organic EL devices. The device using poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) sandwiched between indium oxide and aluminum electrodes emits green-yellow light at 14 V [167]. The quantum efficiency for the device was up to 0.05% photon per electron. EL devices based on poly[2-methoxy-5-(2 -ethyl)-... 

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