Development initiation time definition

The problem is defined during process development as information becomes available and decisions are made. Initially, the definition is limited, vague, and brief and economic analysis involves a high level of uncertainty. As the project evolves, the definition becomes more complete, more highly specific, and lengthier. At the same time, the economic assessment tends to exhibit less uncertainty. 

The scope of the project includes not only the definition of the final product deliverable but the level of work effort required to complete this project. For example, a new pharmaceutical drug will be used to reduce long-term intractable pain, will be in an injectable form, and will use existing packaging configurations in defined concentrations and formulations. This is an initial, general definition of the product scope. The project scope, however, is much more time consuming and complex to develop and would include ... 

Let us emphasize that there are no other spatially uniform stationary solutions except (p = 0. Thus, when the latter solution is unstable, the system tends to a non-uniform state, i.e. pattern formation takes place. A direct simulation shows that stripe patterns are formed [36], with the stripes wavelength near 2tt fkc- Note that because of the rotational invariance of problem (14) the orientation of the stripes is arbitrary. Initially, a disordered system of stripes is developed from random initial conditions, and then some large domains are developed with a definite orientation of stripes inside each domain. The mean domain size grows with time, i.e. domain coarsening takes place for differently oriented stripe patterns rather than for different uniform phases. 

The simple construction and operation, excellent transmission, and the registration of full mass spectra made a TOF analyser the obvious choice for the early LMMS instruments. Later it was found that the time definition of the ion production from the laser pulse was less suited to TOF MS than initially assumed. Also, the complex mass spectra required a significantly higher mass resolution and mass accuracy than that available in TOF LMMS. Hence, FT LMMS was developed. Although the laser microbeam ionization was retained, the species detected and their relative intensities differ significantly from TOF LMMS. The reason is that each MS may capture a different fraction of the initial ion population, depending on its acceptance with respect to the initial kinetic energy ( kin)> their time and place of formation in the ion source. Therefore, a clear distinction between TOF and FT LMMS is mandatory. 

None of the methods currently used to study molecular dynamics can span the whole time range of motions of interest, from picoseconds to seconds and minutes. However, the structural resolution of a method is of equal importance. A method has to not only provide information about the existence of motions with definite velocities but also to identify what structural element is moving and what is the mechanism of motion. Computer simulation of molecular dynamics has proved to be a very important tool for the development of theories concerning times and mechanisms of motions in proteins. In this approach, the initial coordinates and forces on each atom are input into the calculations, and classical equations of motions are solved by numerical means. The lengthy duration of the calculation procedure, even with powerful modem computers, does not permit the time interval investigated to be extended beyond hundreds of picoseconds. In addition, there are strong... 

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