Atrazine metabolites

Lucas, A.D., Jones, A.D., Goodrow, M.H., Saiz, S.G., Blewett, C., Seiber, J.N., and Hammock, B.D. (1993) Determination of atrazine metabolites in human urine development of a biomarker of exposure, Chemical Research in Toxicology, 6 107-116. 

A Cis disk has been used to remove chlorotriazine, atrazine, metabolites, organophosphorus compounds, phenylurea, and carbamate pesticides from seawater prior to analysis by HPLC [392],... 

In terrestrial ecosystems, atrazine effectively inhibits photosynthesis in target weeds and can also affect certain sensitive crop plants. Atrazine metabolites are not as phytotoxic as the parent compound. Degradation is usually rapid, although atrazine can persist in soils for more than one growing season. Soil fauna may be adversely affected shortly after initial atrazine application at recommended levels, but long-term population effects on this group are considered negligible. 

Estuarine fungi contribute substantially to plant detritus due to their abundance and potential for degradation. Fungi are known to accumulate soluble atrazine from seawater through sorption, and release up to 2.2% as hydroxyatrazine and other atrazine metabolites another 4.6% is more tightly associated and less available to the external environment. The combined processes result in atrazine accumulation, and may contribute to its transport and redistribution through the estuary (Schocken and Speedie 1982, 1984). 

No visible adverse physiological effects or signs of toxicity. No effect on egg production or growth. No residues of atrazine or its metabolites detected in eggs. In excreta, however, atrazine and atrazine metabolites were detected after 24 h on treated diet and remained measurable until day 11, or after 4 days on an untreated diet (Foster and Khan 1976 Reed 1982)... 

Winkelmann, D.A. andKlaine, SJ. Atrazine metabolite behavior in soil-core microcosms, in Pesticide Transformation Products. Fate and Significance in the Environment, ACS Symposium Series 459, Somasundaram, L. and Coats, J.R., Eds. (Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 1991), pp. 75-92. 

Stoker TE, Guidici DL, Cooper RL (2002) The effects of atrazine metabolites on puberty and thyroid function in male Wistar rat. Toxicol Sci 67 198-206... 

Ikonen R, Kangas J, Savolainen H Urinary atrazine metabolites as indicators for rat and human exposure to atrazine. Toxicol Lett 44 109-112, 1988... 

Wittmann, C. and B. Hock (1991). Development of an ELISA for the analysis of atrazine metabolites deethylatrazine and deisopropylat-razine. J. Agric. Food Chem., 39 1194—1200. 

Winkelmann, D.A. and S.J. Klaine (1991). Degradation and bound residue formation of four atrazine metabolites, deethylatrazine, deiso-propylatrazine, dealkylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine, in a western Tennessee soil. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 10 347-354. 

Rhodococcus corallinus strain 11 Atrazine Atrazine metabolites Ring and amino groups Cook and Hutter (1984)... 

S. Nelieu, M. Stobiecki, L. Kerhoas, J. Einhom, Screening and characterization of atrazine metabolites by LC-MS-MS, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 8 (1994) 945. 

Gilman, S.D. et al., Analytical performance of accelerator mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting for detection of 14C-labeled atrazine metabolites in human urine,... 

Buchholz, B.A. et al., HPLC-accelerator MS measurement of atrazine metabolites in human urine after dermal exposure, Anal. Chem., 71(16), 3519, 1999. 

C. Wittmann, B. Hock, Development of an Enzyme Linked Immunoassay for the Analysis of the Atrazine Metabolite Hydroxyatrazine , Acta Hydrochim. Hydro-biol, 22, 60-69 (1994). 

Winkelmann DA, KlaineSJ (1991) Atrazine metabolite behavior in soil-core microcosm formation, disappearance, and bound residues. Pesticide transformation products in the environment. In Somasundaram L, Coats JR (eds) Pesticide Transformation Products Fate and Significance in the Environment. American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp 75-92... 

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