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Natural products biomarkers

The hopane series are the natural product biomarkers elucidated initially as attributable to bacteria.The 17a(H),2ip(H)-hopanes ranging from C27 to C35 (no C28) were encountered in numerous ancient sediments and petroleums, and diagenesis and maturation of the microbial precursors (e.g. bacteriohopanepolyol and diploptene, Fig. 4) were elucidated. The diagenesis of diploptene in contemporary sediments proceeds by double bond migration from via to... [Pg.85]

The example of a total extract composition of a tropical soil from the Amazon, Brazil, shows mycose as the major compound, numerous other monosaccharides, lipid components such as fatty acids and fatty alcohols, and natural product biomarkers (Fig. 9a). The mycose and elevated levels of the other saccharides reflect the efficient fungal/microbial degradation of plant detritus in the tropics. This can be compared to the saccharides in the soil from an almond orchard in California, where glucose and mycose are the main sugars with lipids, sterols and triterpenoids (Fig. 9b, ). [Pg.98]

Sugars are also found in river and marine sediments which are probably associated with microbiota and fungi. Natural product biomarkers... [Pg.98]

This chapter has presented an insight with some key literature about the elucidation of natural products for applications as biomarkers and molecular tracers for numerous environmental and geological processes. Natural product biomarker elucidation and analysis has been illustrated with various examples to clarify the concepts, applications, and procedures. The number of novel compounds, as well as the application of natural products as biomarker tracers, is expected to increase, especially with the use of mass spectrometry methods in the contemporary interdisciplinary sciences. [Pg.110]

Jaffe R, Rushdi AI, Medeiros PM, Simoneit BRT, Natural product biomarkers as indicators of sources and transport of sedimentary lipids in a subtropical river,... [Pg.121]

Although the mass spectra of aged diterpenoid resins are generally not characteristic enough for a clear identification, some natural products show characteristic peaks above m/z 325. These signals can be explained by particular constituents of the respective resins, so-called biomarkers. For example, copaiba balsam shows an intense peak at m/z 385, which can be attributed to 3-acetoxy-copaiferic acid [51] (see Figure 5.11). Another... [Pg.146]

The previous chapters have dealt mainly with LC/MS analysis involving short run times, many samples, and relatively small numbers of compounds in samples. What about samples containing very complex compound mixtures, for example, natural products, samples from biomarker discovery, protein digests, and QA/QC method development or metabolite identification samples requiring detection of every component Such workflows often require several analysis steps with different columns and different mobile phases and pH values to increase the separation probability by changing the selectivities of individual runs. [Pg.114]

NATURAL PRODUCTS AS BIOMARKER TRACERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES... [Pg.77]

This chapter provides the reader with an insight and the key literature for the potential of using natural products in biomarker determinations for research on global and environmental problems. It is not an exhaustive survey of the literature but a selection of some new applications. [Pg.77]

Natural Products as Biomarker Tracers in Environmental and Geological Processes 79... [Pg.79]

Many natural products, i.e. homologous aliphatic (lipids), polar (sugars, amino acids), and cyclic (terpenoids) compounds can be utilized as biomarkers. The following is a brief overview of the classical biomarkers commonly used, namely lipids and terpenoids. [Pg.80]

The application of biomarker research in the geologic record has dealt with the derivative hydrocarbons as found in petroleum, coals, and sedimentary rocks. Reports on biomarkers in discrete fossils compared to the host rocks are sparse because (1) previous studies focused on the highly degraded geoterpenoids, i.e. saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, and (2) the preservation potential of polar compounds (natural product bioterpenoids ) was believed to be low. Flowever, recent investigations of conifer fossils demonstrated that unaltered natural product terpenoids can be preserved in resin material.This will be illustrated here with an example. [Pg.102]

Novel biomarkers, i.e. tracer derivatives from unknown natural products, are sometimes encountered in geological or environmental samples, typically as hydrocarbons. The detection and determination of these compounds are usually based on the interpretation of mass spectra in GC-MS analyses. The proofs of chemical structures are based on the proposed interpretation of the MS data, separation and purification of the unknown compounds, exact structure determination by NMR methods or X-ray crystallography (if the compound is a solid that can be crystallized), and finally, comparison with a synthetic standard. The next question concerns the biological source of the biomarker precursor compound. Many biomarkers still have no proven natural product precursors nor known biological sources (e.g. perylene, tricyclic terpanes). " ... [Pg.106]


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