Determination of oxygen

The instrumental analyzer procedure, EPA Method 3A, is commonly used for the determination of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in emissions from stationary sources. An integrated continuous gas sample is extracted from the test location and a portion of the sample is conveyed to one or more instrumental analyzers for determination of O9 and CO9 gas concentrations (see Fig. 25-30). The sample gas is conditioned prior to introduction to the gas analyzer by removing particulate matter and moisture. Sampling is conducted at a constant rate for the entire test run. Performance specifications and test procedures are provided in the method to ensure reliable data. 

Determination of oxygen. The sample is weighed into a silver container which has been solvent-washed, dried at 400 °C and kept in a closed container to avoid oxidation. It is dropped into a reactor heated at 1060 °C, quantitative conversion of oxygen to carbon monoxide being achieved by a layer of nickel-coated carbon (see Note). The pyrolysis gases then flow into the chromatographic column (1 m long) of molecular sieves (5 x 10-8 cm) heated at 100 °C the CO is separated from N2, CH4, and H2, and is measured by a thermal conductivity detector. 

Sharp, Z.D. 1990 A laser-based microanalytical method for the in situ determination of oxygen isotope ratios of silicates and oxides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54 1353-1357. 

Almost all of the methods described in Chapter 23 can be used for in vivo analyses, both voltammetric and potentiometric ones. The former are used primarily in the analysis of organic substances, which, within certain ranges of potential, can be either oxidized or reduced. Another popular method is the amperometric determination of oxygen in different biological media with the Clark electrode (Section 23.3). 

Kreuzer, F., Kimmich, H. P., Brezina, M. Polarographic Determination of Oxygen in Biological Materials in Medical and Biological Applications of Electrochemical Devices (ed.) Koryta, J. Chapt. 6, New York, Wiley 1980... 

Figure 17.5 PULSAR Determination of Oxygen Uptake Rate by Simple Linear Least Squares During the Gassing-out Period...

The determinants of oxygen supply and demand are shown in Fig. 4-1. Increases in heart rate, left ventricular wall tension, and cardiac contractility increase the rate of myocardial... 

Many of the low R. Q. s which have been reported in the literature may be explainable because of inaccuracies in the determination of oxygen. This is particularly true when a closed circuit apparatus is employed, where any leak in the system will result in an abnormally high value for oxygen with a resulting low R. Q. 

Bacon J.R., Demas J.N., Determination of oxygen concentrations by luminescence quenching of a polymer-immobilized transition-metal complex, Anal. Chem. 1987 59 2780. 

Chojnacki P, Mistlberger G, Klimant I (2007) Separable magnetic sensors for the optical determination of oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed 46 8850-8853... 

By the late 1920s quantitative micro-determination of oxygen uptake had been developed in Warburg s laboratory in Berlin based on a manometric technique introduced by Barcroft and Haldane (1902). With this equipment evolution of carbon dioxide or uptake of oxygen could be monitored Carbon dioxide produced in respiration was absorbed by potassium hydroxide. If bicarbonate buffer was used, acid production caused carbon dioxide to be released. Krebs and others from... 

R. Meusinger, Qualitative and quantitative determination of oxygenates in gasolines using H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Anal. Chim. Acta, 391, 277-288 (1999). 

Lux H. Z. (1939). Acid and bases in fused salt bath The determination of oxygen-ion concentration. Z. Elektrochem., 45 303-309. 

Ryerson F.J. and McKeegan K.D. (1994) Determination of oxygen self-diffusion in aker-manite, anorthite, diopside, and spinel implications for oxygen isotopic anomalies and the thermal histories of Ca-Al-rich inclusions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 3713-3734. 

Sharp Z.D. (1991) Determination of oxygen diffusion rates in magnetite from natural isotopic variations. Geology 19, 653-656. 

J.J. Delpuech, M.A. Hamza, G. Serratrice, Determination of oxygen by a nuclear magnetic-resonance method, J. Magn. Reson. 36 (1979) 173-179. 

Konig, J., E. Balfanz, W. Funcke, and T. Romanowski, Determination of Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Airborne Particulate Matter by Capillary Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 55, 599-603 (1983). 

Further indication of how much more chemical the analytical requirements of the petroleum industry have become is evident from the nature of the problems on which the Committee on Analytical Research of the American Petroleum Institute is engaged. These problems include precise determinations of oxygen, nitrogen, and trace metals in crude oils, charge stocks, and cracking catalysts. 

Linek V, Vacek V, Benes P (1987) A critical review and experimental verification of the correct use of the dynamic method for the determination of oxygen transfer in aerated vessels to water electrolyte solutions and viscous liquids, The Chemical Engineering Journal 34 11-34. 

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