Determination in gasoline

The aim of this work is the development of pyrene determination in gasoline and contaminated soils. For this purpose we used room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in micellar solutions of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS). For pyrene extraction from contaminated soils hexane was used. Then exttacts earned in glass and dried. After that remains was dissolved in SDS solution in the presence of sodium sulphite as deoxygenation agent and thallium (I) nitrate as heavy atom . For pyrene RTP excitation 337 nm wavelength was used. To check the accuracy of the procedures proposed for pyrene determining by RTP, the pyrene concentrations in the same gasoline samples were also measured by GC-MS. 

Ethyl Corporation, Tetraethyllead—Analytical Methods for Its Determination in Gasoline, Ethyl Corporation, 100 Park Avenue, New York, 1957. 

J. M. Trindade, A. L. Marques, G. S. Lopes, E. P. Marques and J. Zhang, Arsenic determination in gasoline by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy combined with a factorial experimental design approach. Fuel, 85(14-15), 2006, 2155-2161. 

Clark, J. (2004) Pushing the frontiers of olefin determination in gasoline. Petrol Industry News, June/July 34-35. www.petroindustrynews.eom/pdf/pin/2004/06/pin200406 034 035.pdf... 

Mercaptans can be determined in gasoline by using the anodic wave, which corresponds to a mercury compound formation at the surface of the dropping mercury electrode. 

R. Erthal Santelli, E. Padua Oliveira, M. de F. Batista de Carvalho, M. Almeida Bezerra and A. Soares Freire, Total sulfur determination in gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after direct sample introduction as detergent emulsions, Spectrochim. Acta B, 2008, 63(7), 800-804. 

AT the path length, and P (A) the mass absorption coefficient at wavelength A. Between absorption edges, P (A) is proportional to Z A and is nearly independent of physical or chemical state. An absorption measurement on each side of an absorption edge is required for each element analyzed. X-ray absorption is especially useful in determining heavy elements in mixed materials of lower Z, such as lead in gasoline and uranium in aqueous solution. 

DETERMINATION OF FERROCENE IN GASOLINE BY ATOMIC-ABSORPTION AND PHOTOCOLORIMETRIC... 

G. S. Frysinger, R. B. Gaines and E. B. Ledford-Jr, Quantitative determination of BTEX and total aromatic compounds in gasoline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC X GC) , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22 195-200 (1999). 

Important examples of x-ray emission speetrography on solutions are listed in Appendix VI. The determination of tetraethyllead fluid in gasoline has been carried out by this65 and other66 x-ray methods and offers what may be a unique opportunity of comparing the effectiveness... 

Laby21 demonstrated in 1930, with a photographic plate as detector, that copper or iron in zinc could be detected in concentrations approaching 1 part per million by weight. To be sure, he used electron excitation so that absorption effects were minimized (7.10). By contrast, attempts made in the authors laboratory to estimate alkaline-earth metals in brines were unsuccessful, primarily because of the high absorption effects that accompanied x-ray excitation. The use of dilution with a relatively transparent solvent can sometimes reduce or eliminate absorption effects (7.8), but this procedure will fail if the element to be determined is present at too low a concentration in the presence of another substance (the salt in brine in the example cited) primarily responsible for the absorption effect. A case in which dilution is helpful in connection with the absorption effect of the. element sought is that of tetraethyllead fluid in gasoline (7.13). 

Tetraethyllead, and sulfur, simultaneous determination by modified differential absorptiometry, 144, 145 in gasoline, determination by monochromatic absorptiometry, 135 determination by x-ray emission spectrography, 193... 

Tetraethyllead fluid, in gasoline, determination by comparative absorptiometry, 89, 90... 

C04-0150. A former antiknock ingredient in gasoline is a colorless liquid whose formula is C5 H]2 O. Write the balanced equation, and determine the number of moles of carbon dioxide produced when 3.15 mL of the... 

D 1949 23 TML and TEL in gasoline are separated by distillation to a cut-off temperature TML appears in the distillate and TEL remains in the boiling residue determination of both organometallics by one of the methods described above. 

A method for electroanalytical determination of lead traces in gasoline is based on an apparatus consisting of a glassy carbon electrode, a platinum electrode and a standard... 

Analysis by GC of the various organolead species present in gasoline requires special detectors because of the profusion of species with retention times near those of the organometaHic compounds. An old determination method consisted of scrubbing the separated species in iodine solution, foHowed by spectrophotometric determination of the complex with dithizone (2)133,134 (see also Table 2). 

Samples for determination of ionic alky Head species in marine fauna were homogenized in the presence of salts and the alkyllead component was extracted with toluene and oxidized with HN03. Determination was by DPASV115. A method based on oxidation on Hg electrode has been described116 for analysis of alkylleads in gasoline. Alkylation of Hg is involved, of course, but as an oxidation the method does not suffer from the background of atmospheric oxygen. The peak potentials Ev for oxidation of tetramethyllead and tetraethyllead on various cathodes are well resolved (Table 5). 

X-ray methods include x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption, and x-ray fluorescence. X-ray diffraction is a technique for determining ultrasmall spacings in materials, such as the spacings between the atoms or ions in a crystal structure, or the thickness of a thin electroplated material. An example of the former is in soil laboratories in which the minerals in various soils need to be characterized. X-ray absorption is limited in application, but has been used to determine heavy elements in a matrix of lighter elements, such as determining lead in gasoline. X-ray fluorescence is much more popular and is used to determine elements in a wide variety of solid materials. 

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been developed as a standard method for the determination of hydrogen types in aviation turbine fuels (ASTM D3701). X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been applied to the determination of lead in gasoline (ASTM D2599) as well as to the determination of sulfur in various petroleum products (ASTM D2622, D4294). 

Reusser, D.E. and Field, J.A. Determination of benzylsuccinic acid in gasoline-contaminated groundwater by solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 953(l-2) 215-225. 2002. 

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