Gasoline determination

Tetraethyllead, and sulfur, simultaneous determination by modified differential absorptiometry, 144, 145 in gasoline, determination by monochromatic absorptiometry, 135 determination by x-ray emission spectrography, 193... 

Tetraethyllead fluid, in gasoline, determination by comparative absorptiometry, 89, 90... 

How is the octane rating of a refined gasoline determined What are oxygenated gasolines ... 

Anonymous (CEN/TC 19 N.442, European Standard for Gasoline Determination of Lead Content, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 1979). 

Anonymous (CEN-TC-19 N. 442, Europ. Std. Gasoline Determin. Lead Content, At. Absorpt. Spectrosc., 1979). 

Cheng, M., Hudson, J., Drinkwater, D., and Nero, V., "Total Olefin in Gasoline Determined by Mass Spectrometry and Hydrogenation, Proceedings, 44th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, 1997, Portland, Or on. 

This analysis, abbreviated as FIA for Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, is standardized as ASTM D 1319 and AFNOR M 07-024. It is limited to fractions whose final boiling points are lower than 315°C, i.e., applicable to gasolines and kerosenes. We mention it here because it is still the generally accepted method for the determination of olefins. 

The accuracy depends on the fraction distilled it deviates particularly when determining the initial and final boiling points the average error can exceed 10°C. When calculating the ASTM D 86 curve for gasoline, it is better to use the Edmister (1948) relations. The Riazi and Edmister methods lead to very close results when they are applied to ASTM D 86 calculations for products such as gas oils and kerosene. 

To the refiner, the question of octane numbers in future gasolines is of primary importance because it determines the course of operations, the development or on the contrary the stagnation of such and such a process. Table 5.12 thus gives an example of the typical composition by origin and concentration of different base constituents of three grades of the most common motor fuels distributed today in Europe conventional premium gasoline at 0.15 g Pb/1, Eurosuper and Superplus. 

Durand, J.P., Y. Boscher and N. Petroff (1987), Automatic gas chromatographic determination of gasoline components. Application to octane number determination . Journal of chromatography, No. 395, p. 229. 

A number of laboratory tests are used to predict chemical stabihty. The amount of existent gum in a gasoline is determined by ASTM D381. This method involves evaporating a sample by a jet of heated air. The residue is weighed, solubles are extracted with / -heptane, and the sample is reweighed. 

AT the path length, and P (A) the mass absorption coefficient at wavelength A. Between absorption edges, P (A) is proportional to Z A and is nearly independent of physical or chemical state. An absorption measurement on each side of an absorption edge is required for each element analyzed. X-ray absorption is especially useful in determining heavy elements in mixed materials of lower Z, such as lead in gasoline and uranium in aqueous solution. 

The value of butylenes ia the United States is determined by their value ia alkylation of isobutane to high octane gasoline. Table 11 shows how the chemical use of ethylene, propylene, butylenes, and butanes varied between 1983 and 1988 and their corresponding price swiags. 

The aim of this work is the development of pyrene determination in gasoline and contaminated soils. For this purpose we used room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in micellar solutions of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS). For pyrene extraction from contaminated soils hexane was used. Then exttacts earned in glass and dried. After that remains was dissolved in SDS solution in the presence of sodium sulphite as deoxygenation agent and thallium (I) nitrate as heavy atom . For pyrene RTP excitation 337 nm wavelength was used. To check the accuracy of the procedures proposed for pyrene determining by RTP, the pyrene concentrations in the same gasoline samples were also measured by GC-MS. 

DETERMINATION OF FERROCENE IN GASOLINE BY ATOMIC-ABSORPTION AND PHOTOCOLORIMETRIC... 

To compile the emission inventory requires a determination of the number and types of units of interest in the study area. It would be of interest, for example, to know the number of automobiles in the area and the number of kilometers each was driven per year. This figure would require considerable time and expense to obtain. Instead, it can be closely approximated by determining the liters of gasoline sold in the area during the year. Since a tax is collected on all gasoline sold for highway use, these figures can be obtained from the tax collection office. 

The temperature at the base of the de-butanizer determines the vapor pressure of the gasoline product. If its vapor pressure is too high, the temperature must be increased or the tower pressure decreased to drive more butanes-minus out of the bottoms liquids. 

G. S. Frysinger, R. B. Gaines and E. B. Ledford-Jr, Quantitative determination of BTEX and total aromatic compounds in gasoline by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC X GC) , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 22 195-200 (1999). 

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