Detection system-dependent test standardization

The in vivo micronucleus test is used for the detection of damage to chromosomes as well as the mitotic apparatus in bone marrow or peripheral blood cells of rodents. The assay system has been well standardized.14-17 The basic features of the test system are (1) the effect of the test chemical is observed in anucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) (2) PCEs have a relatively short lifespan, so that any micronuclei they contain must have been generated as a result of recently induced chromosome damage (3) micronuclei are readily identifiable and their distribution is well defined and (4) the frequency of induced micronuclei in PCEs is dependent on sampling times. 

There are many kinds of equipment for detecting fires and giving alarms. The devices may be quite simple, applying only to certain aspects of the process. Devices may depend on human activation or be automatic. The devices can combine several functions into sophisticated sensor, annunciator, and alarm systems. Systems require regular testing to ensure that components work properly. Systems today are likely to have computer controls. The computer may constantly perform internal checks for component failures and report which ones do not work properly. Several NFPA codes establish standards for sensor and alarm components and systems. 

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