Detection operator

Undercuts and cracks are represented in the digitised radiograph as local greyvalue minima (see Fig. 2). This motivates the application of edge-detecting operators. 

M. Wdhams, J.M. Johnston, L.P. Waggoner, M. Cicoria, S.F. HaUoweU, andJ.A. Petrousky, Canine Substance Detection Operational capabilities . Presented at the Office of National Drug Control Policy Technology Symposium, 1999. 

Basic ultrasonic flaw detection operates on the principle that the amount of ultrasonic energy transferred from one material to another is related to the... 

All experiments were performed on a Lee Scientific (Dionex Corporation - Lee Scientific Division - Salt Lake City, UT) -602D Supercritical Fluid/Gas Chromatograph equipped with a 0.5 ml extraction cell. SFC grade carbon dioxide (Scott Specialty Gases, Plumsteadville, PA) was used as the extracting solvent and mobile phase in all experiments. All SFE and SFC investigations were performed under isothermal conditions. Flame ionization detection operating at 325°C was used in all studies. The specific column, conditions, and parameters are listed in the Applications section. 

The Redfield method of quadrature phase detection operates as shown in Fig. 3.7a. A spectral width from W/2 to — W/7 is defined by 2 IT7 measurements per second with a single detector, the phase of which is augmented by 90° after each measurement. Each signal magnitude, as illustrated in Fig. 3.7[Pg.67]

Electric field transducers can also be used. They generate a capacitive field in a hazard area. Any grounded object in the field can he detected. Operators working in that area are grounded and can he sensed by this method to stop the machine before its activation. These are different guards and safety devices that are normally used to avoid mechanical hazards. 

With /+ = 4 + 4 denoting the detection operator, the time-domain signal (i.e., the free-induction decay (FID)) may be evaluated as... 

Carbon 13 NMR spectra were obtained using a JEOL GX-500 spectrometer with a quadruture detection operating at a frequency of 125.77 MHz in a pulse-Fourier transform mode. FID s were acquired with a 16 bit A/D converter and stored on 32 or 64 K memory locations with 32 bit word length. The chemical shift was measured from an internal standard, hexamethyldisiloxane, which was taken as 2.03 ppm from tetramethylsilane(TMS). Internal lock was provided by an addition of benzene-dg. 

We calculate the sum of probabilities (rather than the squared sum of the amplitudes) because the detection operation destroys the coherence between the el and e2 states (see Section 9.1.5). It would, in principle, be possible to measure the two level populations separately by dispersing the fluorescence from the el and e2 levels. If that were done, all information about the molecular phase would be destroyed (Jones, et al, 1995). 

What is Evaporative Light Scattering Detection Operation of the Evaporative Light Scattering detector involves a mobile phase three step process . ... 

Many edge detection operators on the discrete image I(xm,yn) can be expressed as a linear convolution of I(xm,yn) with a convolution kernel c... 

Figure 3.12 shows the glucose sensor in back-detection operation. Six 2 X 2 mm green Alqg OLEDs pixels are lit simultaneously (the use of individually addressable array pixels, any number of which can be lit simultaneously, is unique to OLEDs in its simplicity). As seen in the image, the EL of the OLED pixels is very bright. Consequently, the pixels appear white ... 

Stegmeier, S., Fleischer, M.,Tawil, A. and Hauptmann, P. (2010), Stepwise improvement of (hetero-) polysiloxane sensing layers for CO2 detection operated at room temperature by modification of the polymeric network . Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, 148,2,450-8. 

When addressing the requirement for chemical agent detection at the scene of a terrorist incident, it is important to consider who really has the responsibility for detection operations. Is it the police, the fire department, the Hazmat team, or the EMS units If the responsibility falls on medical assets, how will the use of detection equipment increase the efficiency of the health care team in preserving life and preventing further injury Furthermore, will the absence of more sensitive equipment somehow inhibit their performance These are important questions that must be addressed by policymakers and incident response planners. 

Liquid penetrants Cracks, gouges, porosity, laps, and seams open to a surface Castings, forgings, weldments, and components subject to fatigue or stress-corrosion cracking Inexpensive easy to apply portable easily interpreted Flaw must be open to an accessible surface, level of detectability operator-dependent... 

Today, direct injection of vapor samples into an IMS is best accomplished with the use of a six-port valve (see Figure 3.2). This can be used for sample-and-detect operations. Sample-and-detect operations, unlike continuous monitoring, can be used for discrete measurement. Systems for continuous monitoring and measurement are described in this chapter. 

Several techniques have been developed for CE detection, such as indirect and direct ultravi-olet/visible (UVA is) optical methods. Laser-induced fluorescence OLIF) is widely used. Direct photometric detection based on UVA is light absorbance accounts for over half of all CE application. Absorbance detection operates at wavelength ranging from 190 to 800 nm. It covers both ultraviolet and visible regions. The usually used wavelengths for detection are 190 and 200 nm for... 

In practice, as will be clear from Section III, a majority of the experimental studies of the molecular excitations is based on luminescence measurements. To obtain further information, it is desirable to detect transitions leading to decay channels different from photon emission, e.g., autoionization and predissociation. The description is then quite similar to that developed for photodetection. Denoting by q) the state vector of the final channel, the transition matrix elements <0g-,/c r( ) are replaced by q T E ) (j)g ky and the characteristic detection operator = d> = H qy, with H denoting the interaction energy term responsible for decay of the excited molecular states in channel q. ... 

---