Detection linearity

Sawicki (13) used solid-surface fluorescence techniques extensively in the 1960 s for air pollution research. In 1967, Roth (14) reported the RTF of several pharmaceuticals adsorbed on filter paper. Schulman and Walling (15) showed that several organic compounds gave RTF when adsorbed on filter paper. Faynter et al. (16) reported the first detailed analytical data for RTF and gave limits of detection, linear dynamic ranges, and reproducibilities for the compounds. 

Jones MA, Bohn PW (2001) Total internal reflection fluorescence and electrocapillary investigations of adsorption at the water-dichloroethane electrochemical interface. 2. Fluorescence-detected linear dichroism investigation of adsorption-driven reorientation of di-N-butylaminonaphthylethenylpyridiniumpropylsulfonate. J Phys Chem B 105(11) 2197-2204... 

Detector Minimum detectable Linear range Temperature Remarks... 

The ring expansion mechanism is of course only a special case of the well-known mechanism by which dioxolan reacts with non-cyclic formals e.g., (I) and CH2-(OMe)2 give (MeOCH2OCH2-)2 in this way. It also accounts in a simple manner for the cleanness of the monomer-polymer equilibrium and for the high yields of cyclic dimer (without any detectable linear fragments) which are obtainable from 1,3-dioxane and 1,3-dioxepan [8]. 

Decision and Detection — Linear Calibration Curves. Before examining the actual Fenvalerate GC data, let us consider the basic linear calibration relations. (What follows was inspired in part by Hubaux and Vos (14), to which the reader might refer for supplemental detail.) If we represent a straight-line calibration as... 

Report the analytical figures of merit (i.e. limit of detection, linear range, characteristic concentration) for the magnesium calibration and compare with literature values. 

Other sets of hair cells are formed in specialized parts of the inner ear.964 The three semicircular canals detect angular acceleration in three directions, while the sac-like utricle and saccule detect linear acceleration including gravitational attraction. These two organs each contain a patch of hair cells whose tips project into a gelatinous layer, which is overlain by a field of small crystals of calcium carbonate. These little stones (otoliths) provide an inertial mass, which resists movement causing the hair cell tips to bend and activate mechanoreceptors to send information about balance and orientation to the brain. 

Detectors for Gas Chromatography (continued) Detector Limit of Detection Linearity... 

The experimentally detected linearity of cr(/o) dependence was imperatively attributed in the pioneering works to the biexcitonic origin of the photocurrent [266,267],... 

The performance of all HPLC detectors can be characterised by certain parameters such as sensitivity, noise, drift, limit of detection, linear and dynamic range, and detection volume. Other factors are more specific to individual types of detectors, and are discussed in their respective sections. 

No single HPLC detector has all the characteristics of a good detector, which include sensitivity, specificity, detectability, linearity, repeatability, and dependability. Detection by UV/vis is widely used for the analysis of lipids it is simple, concentration sensitive, and nondestructive. However, the analyte to be monitored by UV/vis absorption must contain a chromo-phore, and because many fat molecules do not contain a chromophore, this detection system cannot be used in many cases. Fortunately, in cases where no chromophore is present in the molecule, a chromophore can be introduced through derivatization. If the derivatization is done before the analyte enters the column, it is called precolumn derivatization, whereas if it is done after the elution of analyte, it is called postcolumn derivatization. 

Fig. 1 The organization of the human inner ear. The human inner ear is embedded into the temporal bone and contains the sensory epithelia of the cochlea and the vestibular system. In the organ of Corti, IHCs are responsible for afferent signal propagation and OHCs actively amplify sound-induced basilar membrane motion. Hair cells in the otolith organs (utricle and saccule) and the ampullae of the semicircular canals detect linear and rotational movement of the head, respectively, and the overall position of the head. Tags colored in red denote the position of the sensory epithelia red line, organ of Corti open circles, otolith organs closed circles, ampullae. Red arrows illustrate the direction of mechanical movement...

The figures of merit of primary interest to analytical chemist that are discussed are noise characteristics and powers of detection, linearity and dynamic range, spectral stripping and interpolative correction for variable underlying background, compromise between resolution and spectral coverage and application to nonideal "real" samples. 

Compounds containing B—O Bonds.—Calculated bond lengths [r(H—B) = 2.1913 Bohr(1.1596 A) r(B—0) = 2.2284 Bohr(1.1792 A)] for the recently detected, linear HBO species were obtained from a restricted Hartree-Fock LCAO-MO-SCF study. ... 

The authors later published details of a sensor for the detection of hiunan hepatitis viruses type A and B [44]. Immobilisation using protein A gave best results. Both types of virus could be detected linearly from 10 to 10 ° virions mL in solution. The sensor was stable for 4 weeks and could be reused ten times without detectable loss in activity. Results were comparable to those of a commercial ELISA kit. 

Analyzed species Detection Linear range Sample... 

One of the critical elements in the design of a photometric sensor is the configuration of the sensing terminus. Its configuration often determines detectability, linear dynamic range, rate of response, the effects of interferents, site specificity, and useful lifetime of the sensor. Most important design considerations include (1) the method of immobilization and (2) the shape and size of the terminus and the amount of reagent phase. 

Refs. Matrix Drug Support Mobile phase (v/v) Detection Linearity range (pgAnl)... 

Often the purpose of collaborative trials is to evaluate a new analytical method operated in several laboratories. According to lUPAC a collaborative study is an interlaboratory study in which each laboratory uses the defined method of analysis to analyze identical portions of homogeneous materials to assess the performance characteristics obtained for that method of analysis, e.g., specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, range, limit of quantification, limit of detection, linearity, accuracy, and precision. Only methods giving small interlaboratory variations will be adopted for use as a standard method. Attention has to be paid to the design of collaborative studies for... 

Linearity of the calibration curve over a broad dynamic range is an important parameter for the study of real samples where such a range may be detected. Linearity over about six orders of... 

Membrane Slope (mV Lower detection Linear range ... 

AHF of a naproxen precursor was conducted with (5,5,5)-Bisdiazaphos with a CO/H2 ratio of 8 3 bar, which gave the branched aldehyde with 96% ee at a TON = 500, without no detectable linear isomer (Scheme 4.62). 

The method described herein allows the analysis of the eight most commonly used amphetamines. The order of elution was phenyletylamine, followed by amphetamine, phentermine, fenfluoramine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA, and 2C-B. The limit of detection, linearity range, and correlation coefficients of the calibration curves obtained for the different amphetamines are shown in Table 14.2. The intraday and interday coefficients of variation for concentrations of 5 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, and 500 ng/mL were 1.17%, 2.98% and 12.2%, respectively. 

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