Inertial mass

The retention efficiency of membranes is dependent on particle size and concentration, pore size and length, porosity, and flow rate. Large particles that are smaller than the pore size have sufficient inertial mass to be captured by inertial impaction. In liquids the same mechanisms are at work. Increased velocity, however, diminishes the effects of inertial impaction and diffusion. With interception being the primary retention mechanism, conditions are more favorable for fractionating particles in liquid suspension. 

Because inertial mass is involved in mechanical energy, the dimensions of all energy terms are M L2T 2. Inertial mass, however, is not involved in thermal energy (heat) and therefore specific heat capacity Cp has the dimensions MiL2T2/M//ff = MjM/ L2T 2 1 or according to whether energy is expressed in, joules or kilocalories, for... 

Other sets of hair cells are formed in specialized parts of the inner ear.964 The three semicircular canals detect angular acceleration in three directions, while the sac-like utricle and saccule detect linear acceleration including gravitational attraction. These two organs each contain a patch of hair cells whose tips project into a gelatinous layer, which is overlain by a field of small crystals of calcium carbonate. These little stones (otoliths) provide an inertial mass, which resists movement causing the hair cell tips to bend and activate mechanoreceptors to send information about balance and orientation to the brain. 

Although the photon has no mass at rest, its inertial mass m = hv/c2 gives a linear momentum of mt. Experimental evidence for this linear momentum is found in the observation of recoil electrons in Compton scattering, or on a much larger scale in the solar wind which blows the tails of comets away from the sun. (It should not be forgotten that material particles also contribute to the solar wind.)... 

Briefly, there are two kinds of mass gravitational mass and inertial mass. Gravitational mass is what is measured on any kind of weighing machine (classically a pan balance, in which the mass to be measured is weighed against a collection of standard masses) inertial mass is what is measured in a collision experiment between the mass to be measured and a standard mass. In each case, the measured quantity is measured relative to some chosen standard, and therefore has no absolute significance. 

The analysis described above makes it clear that there is some kind of relationship between the distant galaxies, and the idea of relative inertial mass - and the statement of the existence of such a relationship—is termed Mach s principle. 

Specifically, rather than define inertial frames with respect to the universal rest frame, we can define an inertial frame as any frame of reference within which the series of collision experiments discussed above yields the ratio AVa/AVb to be a constant independently of the experiment s initial conditions. If this constant ratio is then termed the relative inertial mass of the two balls, then the whole idea of the inertial frame and inertial mass is arrived at without any reference whatsoever to distant galaxies —and, in fact, is given a local context. 

At this stage, since no notion of inertial frame has been introduced, the idea of inertial mass cannot be defined. However, we have assumed the model universe to be composed of a countable infinity of labeled—but otherwise indistinguishable—material particles so that we can associate with each individual particle a property called mass that quantifies the amount of material in the particle, and is represented by a scale constant, say, mo, having units of mass. 

The attractive force between a given body B and the Earth E is proportional to their gravitational masses m9B and m9E. The resulting acceleration gB is inversely proportional to the inertial mass of the body m B. One gets... 

Impaction is caused by the inertial mass of the traveling aerosol particles that forces them to move in a straight-line direction even when the flow of the inhaled air transporting them is bent around a curvature. Hence the particles tend to deposit on obstacles placed in the path of their travel. The inertial mass depends on particle size, density, and velocity. The stopping distance S of a particle having mass mP and initial velocity v0iP is defined according to... 

Fig. 6. Body of inertial mass m accelerated relative to a bit of distant matter of mass AM...

More recently the treatment was extended to piezoelectric devices in contact with viscoelastic media (i.e., liquids and polymers). It was then realised that if the deposited mass was not rigidly coupled to the oscillating quartz crystal, separation of inertial mass and energy losses was not possible with the measurement of the resonant frequency alone. Quartz crystal impedance in the acoustic frequencies was introduced in order to study mass and viscoelastic changes and a full electrical characterization of the crystal behaviour near resonance was employed. 

In the series branch of the equivalent electrical circuit, Lq is proportional to the quartz inertial mass displaced by the shear oscillation, Cq is proportional to the energy stored in the quartz crystal during oscillation and Rq describes the energy frictional loses of the quartz crystal. 

The EQCM comprises a quartz crystal oscillator, in which one of the Au exciting electrodes is also exposed to the solution and acts as the working electrode in a conventional (here, three electrode) cell. Provided any surface film is rigidly coupled to the underlying electrode changes in inertial mass (Am) of the electrode result in crystal resonant frequency changes (A/) that are described by the Sauerbrey equation [11] ... 

It has been interpreted by Wolff [85] as a manifestation of Mach s principle of cosmic influence deriving inertial mass from the effect of distant giant masses. 

The inertial mass of the electron is considered adequately described in terms of its wave structure, which may reasonably be expected also to elucidate the properties of charge and spin. The most obvious feature that might relate to charge or spin is the Zitterbewegung, or the Compton (tachyonic) part of the trapped standing wave. This trembling by itself has no obvious physical... 

The equivalence principle is the cornerstone of general relativity. This principle states that the weight of any object is proportional to its inertial mass. This is quite amazing. A brick has an inherent property called its inertial mass the brick s weight, which is in direct proportion to its gravitational mass, is a measure of the gravitational attraction between it and the Earth. The equivalence principle asserts that these two masses, inertial and gravitational, are identical. Does antimatter obey the equivalence principle Simply put, physicists do not know. 

Here, m is defined as the inertial mass of the object. It shows that a bowling ball requires a much bigger force than a baseball to produce the same acceleration. 

Mass then can be defined as a ratio of force to acceleration. We define one kilogram to be an inertial mass that accelerates at one meter per second per second when a force of one newton is applied to it. If the same force (one newton) is applied to a two kilogram mass, its acceleration is only 0.5 meter per second per second. 

If two objects acquire the same acceleration when the same force is applied to them, they have the same inertial mass. It makes no difference whether one is made of lead and the other of aluminum, their inertial masses are identical. 

The damped oscillations are converted to an electrical signal by a non-drag optical transducer light is passed through a pair of polarizers, one of which serves as the inertial mass of the pendulum, to a photo-detector. The temperature, humidity and gas (usually helium) surrounding the specimen are closely controlled. 

---