Detailed description of the invention

Text. The text contains a detailed description of the invention. 

The basic purpose of the patent system is to provide incentives for innovation, industrial development and industrial investment. A patent entitles its owner to exclude others from the commercial exploitation of the patented invention for a limited time. In exchange for this temporary monopoly the public receives an accurate and detailed description of the invention, which makes the knowledge available to the public at an early point of time and, after the patent has expired, enables others to exploit the invention. 

A short paragraph usually outlines the unsolved problem, which the invention addresses, and emphasizes the inventive, non-obvious element of the invention. This is followed by a detailed description of the invention. It is a statutory requirement that the invention must be disclosed completely so "as to enable any person skilled in the art. .. to make and to use the same,. ..and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention" (35 USC, 112 similar wording in EPC, Article 83). 

Hydrogenation of the extracted impurities is described in the detailed description of the invention as a means of rendering the exUacted materials nontoxic, e.g., the hydrogenation of PCBs to nonloxic hydrocarbons. Increasingly, we find that many of the supercritical fluid patents that are issuing are not not obvious to those skilled in the art. ... 

There follows next a detailed description of the invention, which usually forms the largest section of the patent. The description distingiushes the invention firom any other workable solution to the problem. To persuade the examiner that the invention is novel, it cites any relevant prior art. The de-... 

The summary of the invention section, which is next, should set out the exact nature, operation, and purpose of the invention by describing it in one or more clear, concise sentences or paragraphs. " A detailed description of the invention will likely follow. There s some variation in which of these two will show the Markush describing compounds of the invention and the laundry list defining substituents thereof, but one or the other will always have this important information. In composition of matter patents, the summary may also describe the use of such compounds in pharmaceutical compositions and the use of such compositions to treat one or more diseases. 

Tlie next section of the patent is tided "The Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment", Q (Fig. lb), often a multipage work serving several functions. First, the detailed description should provide an illustration of the invention in both its broadest or simplest sense and in its most preferred sense. Any elements of the invention that the inventor beheves are crucial to the success or performance of the invention must also be included within this description. Further, tbi< description should provide an explanation of the invention that is definite and illustrative, so as to allow persons having nothing but die patent before diem to practice or use die invention in the manner intended. This description should be understood by those who work in the area that covers the subject matter of the patent. 

When evaluating an issued patent for purposes of determining the patentabiUty of a new invention, the entire patent must be considered. As a result, the figures, K, and The Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment, Q, are every bit as important to an issued patent as the claims, S. At certain times any one of these elements may become more relevant than another. For example, claims tend to be more relevant to deterrninations of patent infringement or violation. However, in deterrninations concerning the patentabiUty of new inventions, the figures, K, and The Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment, Q, may be the most relevant aspects of any previous patent. 

A patent may be described as a monopoly granted by a government to an inventor, such that only the inventor may exploit the invention/innovation for a fixed period of time (up to 20 years). In return, the inventor makes available a detailed technical description of the invention/innovation so that, when the monopoly period has expired, it may be exploited by others without the inventor s permission. 

Bohm (Ref 4) claimed that he invented a similar process earlier than Willson and applied for patent in 189L hut the patent was not issued until 1895- The electric arc furnace method invented in 1892 is essentially the same as the current method of manuf of CaCj. Detailed description of the method is given in Refs 5,6,7 8. The coml prod contains CaO,graphite and some other impurities... 

The original INS spectrometer invented by Brockhouse and coworkers [15] at Chalk River, Canada, was the triple axis spectrometer. A modem example, INI [16] at the ILL, is shown in Fig. 3.12. Triple axis spectrometers are optimised for coherent INS spectroscopy and are rarely used for incoherent INS work. These instmments were designed to exploit the constant flux of reactor sources. A detailed description of the theory and practice of triple axis spectrometry is given in [17]. 

The bulk of the patent specification is the disclosure, the text and illustrations that describe the claimed invention in detail and explain how the claimed invention differs from the prior art. Modem patent disclosures contain a summary of the claimed invention, a description of the background of the invention, a general description of the way in which the invention is made and used, specific examples, and, where appHcable, drawings of the invention in general or specific embodiments. The technical information provided in a patent specification may be used without infringing the patent only practicing the invention defined in the claims within the term and territory of the patent grant is forbidden. Because much of the information in patent specifications is never pubHshed in refereed journals or other nonpatent media, patent disclosures are an invaluable part of the technical Hterature. 

Everything written to this point deals with NG at the time between its invention in 1846 by Sobrero and development of its preparation on an industrial scale by Alfred Nobel and his father Emmanuel during the years 1862-1863- More detailed description of this period may be found in Ref 15,... 

When examining the technical and scientific evolution of the respirator, the question of original invention inevitably arises. As Galarraga points out, while it is very likely that human beings used makeshift masks for thousands of years to protect their eyes, mouths and respiratory systems from smoke and dust, the first detailed description of a protective mask is usually credited to Leonardo da Vinci in the early 1500s.80 Ironically,... 

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