Desulfurized fuels

There are, however, technological means available to burn incompletely desulfurized fuels at the same time minimizing SO2 emissions. In the auto-desulfurizing AUDE boiler developed by IFF, the effluent is treated in place by an absorbent based on lime and limestone calcium sulfate is obtained. This system enables a gas desulfurization of 80% it requires nevertheless a relatively large amount of solid material, on the order of 200 kg per ton of fuel. 

Hydrogen Hydrogen recovery was the first large commercial membrane gas separation. Polysulfone fiber membranes became available in 1980 at a time when H9 needs were rising, and these novel membranes qiiickly came to dominate the market. Applications include recovery of H9 from ammonia purge gas, and extraction of H9 from petroleum crackiug streams. Hydrogen once diverted to low-quahty fuel use is now recovered to become ammonia, or is used to desulfurize fuel, etc. H9 is the fast gas. 

Madgavkar, A. M. Microbiological desulfurization of coal and coal water admixture to provide a desulfurized fuel Patent No. US4861723. 1989, August 29. 

CO2, and 1.5% N2 by volume along with trace levels of sulfur odorants. The odorants must be reduced to 1 ppmv before entrance into the fuel cell to prevent performance and cell life deterioration. Because the desulfurization requires elevated temperatures, the fuel (streams 3 and 5) is fed through a heat exchanger that recovers heat from the fuel cell exhaust stream (stream 15). The hot desulfurized fuel stream (stream 4) enters the anodes of the high-pressure fuel cell at approximately 399°C (750°F) and 9.3 atmospheres. The fuel entering the low-pressure fuel cell (stream 6) is approximately 399°C (750°F) and 3.1 atmospheres. 

Natural gas feedstock enters the fuel processing subsystem at about 63 psig (4,5 atm). The fuel is first processed in hydrodesulfurizing unit (HDS) and zinc-oxide (ZnO) beds lo remove any sulfur compounds. The desulfurized fuel is mixed with process steam and preheated to about 850°F (454cC) before entering the reformer, which consists of reactor tubes containing a... 

Adaptability. In the future the market for low sulfur fuel oil may become less attractive for several reasons. Among these are increasing use of nuclear energy, installation of stack gas-desulfurization processes, and increased availability of low sulfur fuels. Should this occur it would be desirable to put to alternative use any facility installed today to desulfurize fuel oil. At such a time, the market could revert to the traditional U.S. pattern in which high sulfur residual oil is a low value material, and there would be a consequent economic incentive to convert it to lighter products. 

The estimated annual operating cost for the 800 MW plant, assuming capital charges of 14% per year, is 1.0 mills/kW hr without any credit being taken for the by-product sulfur produced. A return of 20/long ton for the sulfur is equivalent to a credit of 0.18 mills/kW hr, reducing the operation costs to about 0.8 mills/kW hr. This compares quite well with present estimates of 0.7-1.4 mills/kW hr for low sulfur or desulfurized fuels. 

Mei, H Mei, B.W. Yen, T.F. A new method for obtaining ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel via ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization. Fuel 2003, 82, 405-414. 

This approach offers an opportunity to reduce the net costs of providing petrochemical feed and desulfurizing fuel oil which could be attractive in certain areas (i.e., Japan and the Caribbean) where facilities of both types are needed. 

Cyclic Use of Calcined Dolomite to Desulfurize Fuels Undergoing Gasification... 

Kairies CL, Schroeder KT, Cardone CR. Mercuiy in gypsum produced from flue gas desulfurization. Fuel 2006, 85, 2530-2536. 

Hydrodesulfurization (Section 6.8) Catalytic treatment of major streams to Gasoline, diesel oil, jet fuel, and Desulfurized fuels... 

Steam reforming (Section 6.2.4) Catalytic conversion Desulfurized fuel gas, steam Hydrogen (CO, CO2)... 

Electrolyze Desulfurized fuel lank Sam de box Anode recycle blower Boiler feed pump Water Irealment pump... 

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