Reactor platforms

Sichere Chemie in Mikroreaktoren, Frankjurter Allgemeine Zeitung, December 1995 Plant cells as model for micro-reactor development micro-fabrication techniques DuPont s investigations DECHEMA s initiation of micro-reactor platform BASF s investigations general advantages of micro flow [238]. 

In fluidized beds, the temperature is uniform within a few degrees even in the largest vessels, but variation of comnposition is appreciable in large vessels, and is not well correlated for design purposes. One currently successful moving bed process is the UOP "Stacked Reactor" platforming where the catalyst is transported and regenerated in a separate zone. When the activity of the catalyst declines fairly rapidly, its variation with time and position must be taken into account by the mathematical formulation. 

An understanding of the interaction between polypeptides and surfaces is imperative if self-assembly is to be achieved in a reproducible manner. This is especially important if the scale of assembly is to be increased from small-scale laboratory experiments to larger reaction vessels. Insights obtained into surface-based assembly can also be used to design surface-based "reactor platforms" which encourage surface interactions in order to achieve... 

In view to increase in number of microwave synthesized organic reactions and advancement in technology most companies developing microwave instruments for commercial applications offer a variety of diverse reactor platform with different degrees of sophistication with respect to automation, database capabilities, safety features, temperatures and pressures monitoring and vessel design. 

Structures with stairs for operator and maintenance access. On reactors. shorter than 30 ft (9,150 mm), only a top-head platform is needed. Exhibits 9-17 through 9-21. show typical reactor platform arrangements. 

Two scram signals from two buttons B2 and B3 on the reactor platform. 

In addition, the copper industry s market development activities have resulted in appHcations such as clad ship hulls, sheathing for offshore platforms, automotive electrical systems including electric vehicles, improved automobde radiators, solar energy, fire sprinkler systems, parts for fusion reactors, semiconductor lead frames, shape memory alloys, and superconducting ceramics (qv) containing copper oxides. 

Off-shore gas liquefaction of natural gas on oil platforms is often mentioned as an example of on-site production [5]. Natural gas today is flared as its transportation is not economic. Conversion on-site by conventional reactors suffers from the large weight of the equipment. Gavriilidis et al. state that 5 kg of support are needed to support 1 kg of equipment on an oil platform ]5]. light-weight micro reactors have the potential to use the precious area of the platforms better (Figure 1.26). 

This facility design concept was not considered in White House reviews of reprocessing during the Ford and Carter Administrations, nor as an option for support by President Reagan, who had been elected on a platform to support reprocessing of commercial spent firel. The ERDA and the DOE had reassigned responsibilities for commercial fuel cycle to its Division of Reactor Development (later Office of Nuclear Energy) which supported pilot plant concepts of its national laboratories and rejected concepts based on successful experience and lessons learned from that experience. 

The slow water removal is obvious within the synthesis of, for example, myristyl myristate determining the total reaction time. In a stirred-tank reactor it takes 24 h to reach a conversion of 99.6% and in a fixed-bed reactor 14 h. Therefore, a new synthesis platform (Figure 4.11) which also enables conversion of highly viscous polyols and fatty acids from renewable resources to ester-based surfactants was designed. It is used by Evonik on a pilot scale, outperforming conventional methods, such as stirred-tank or fixed-bed reactors. In contrast to the setups introduced before, conversion of >99.6% is already obtained after 5.5 h in the bubble column reactor [44-47]. 

The CEM Discover platform, introduced in 2001, offers a single-mode instrument based on the self-tuning circular waveguide technique (see Fig. 3.3). This concept allows for derivatization of the reactor to accommodate additional application-specific modules to address other common laboratory objectives. While the Discover ... 

As already mentioned above, a different strategy to achieve high throughput in microwave-assisted reactions can be realized by performing automated sequential microwave synthesis in monomode microwave reactors. Since it is currently not feasible to have more than one reaction vessel in a monomode microwave cavity, a robotic system has been integrated into a platform that moves individual reaction... 

Chemically functional membranes afford yet another intriguing platform upon which process-intensified chemistry can be performed. For example, an enzyme membrane reactor process is used to produce a... 

CCR Platforming [Continuous Catalyst Regeneration] A development of the Platforming process in which the catalyst is moved continuously through the stacked reactors into a catalyst regeneration section. Developed by UOP in 1970. 

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