Designer insecticides

Recently, heterocyclic cotiqiounds have taken more important role in pesticide chemistry. TTie number of pesticides derived from five- or six-membered aromatic heterocycles has increased dramatically. Therefore, the use of aromatic heterocycles to design insecticides and insect-growth regulators is the focus of our research. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms 0-0-Dimethyl S-[(4-Oxo-l,2,3-Benzotriazine-3(4H)-yl)Methyl] Phosphorodithioate, Gurthion Insecticide, Gusathion Insecticide Chemical Formula CiqHijNjOjPSj. Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Solid Color Brown Odor No data. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms CYTHION Insecticide S-[l,2-Bis(ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl] 0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate Chemical Formula CioHijOsPSj. 

Pyridine is a polar, stable, relatively unreactive liquid (bp 115°C) with a characteristic strong penetrating odor that is unpleasant to most people. It is miscible with both water and organic solvents. Pyridine was first isolated, like pyrrole, from bone pyrolysates. Its name is derived from the Greek for fire (pyr) and the suffix idine used to designate aromatic bases. Pyridine is used as a solvent, in addition to many other uses including products such as pharmaceuticals, vitamins, food flavorings, paints, dyes, rubber products, adhesives, insecticides, and herbicides. Pyridine can also be formed from the breakdown of many natural materials in the environment. 

The development of class-selective antibodies is another approach to multi-analyte analysis. The analyst may design haptens that will generate antibodies that recognize an epitope common to several compounds, as explained above for the analysis of pyrethroids by measuring PBA. Other examples of class-selective immunoassays that have been developed are mercapturates," glucuronides, pyrethroids, organophosphate insecticides, and benzoylphenylurea insecticides." ... 

A distinction has been drawn (1) between harvest and ultimate residues. The former term is being defined as the surface or penetrated residue of insecticide at the time of harvest, whereas the latter designation refers to the residues in or on the foodstuff, whether fresh or processed, at the time of consumption. Thus, there exist harvest surface and penetration or harvest total residues, as well as ultimate surface, penetration, and total residues. Where necessary, component parts of the foodstuff may be specified to delimit this concept further. 

In our study, volunteers wearing either WBDs or bathing suits performed a set of choreographed Jazzercize routines on chlorpyrifos-treated carpet. These exercises at a low work level were designed to represent a maximum daily surface contact and transfer of chemicals such as pesticides. Results were similar to exposures of two sets of adults who used insecticide foggers in their homes. 

EPA research investments since 1995 in pesticide exposure and risk assessment methods have helped pioneer novel approaches to quantify risk levels. A team at the University of Washington s School of Public Health and Community Medicine found that 2-5 year olds consuming predominantly organic foods over a 3-day period had 8.5-fold lower mean levels of OP insecticide metabolites in their urine than children eating mosdy conventional (unlabeled) foods (Curl et al., 2003). The study was carefully designed to minimize potentially... 

Pyrethroids are a class of synthetic insecticides designed and optimized based on the structure of the pyrethrins found in natural pyrethrum extracted from chrysanthemum flowers [1, 2], Pyrethroids are widely used to control insect pests in agriculture and public health because of their relative safety for humans and high insecticidal potency [3]. 

Hanson ML, Graham DW, Babin E et al (2007) Influence of isolation on the recovery of pond mesocosms from the application of an insecticide. I. Study design and planktonic community responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 26 1265-1279... 

Natural product screening may capture a compound, such as an antibiotic, insecticide, or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, designed for the... 

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