Design process other specific topics

Apart from patient-specific parameters, external factors - most importantly the concomitant uptake of certain other chemicals present in diet, environment and especially other drugs - influence drug actions. Possible effects are manifold and can affect all stages of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the body. Also direct interaction and inactivation of concomitantly administered substances are possible. Drug-drug interactions via modulation of metabolism present a very hot topic in pharmaceutical research and drug design. 

This book is intended to provide guidance specifically to those students who are enrolled in IChemE accredited courses, and are about to commence the design project. Those same students will also find this book useful when they are studying earlier units in Plant and Process Design reference to this text will illustrate how certain topics are to be applied during the design project. However, other students in courses not accredited by the IChemE (specifically in the USA) should also find this text useful when studying similar course units. 

The topics of subsequent sections are the different materials used for thin films, specifically, silicon oxide (Section 5.5.3), silicon nitride (Section 5.5.4), poly-silicon (Section 5.5.5), and other materials, such as metals and silicon oxynitride, as well as novel thin film materials that may appear in future sensor designs (Section 5.5.6). In these sections, we adhere to the following structure first, the basic deposition process is briefly described, followed by the common function of the layer in sensor design. Subsequently, we discuss in detail the important material properties. 

The coupling of reaction kinetics with transport processes is necessary to develop effective bioreactor systems. Further discussion of this topic is given later in this chapter (see Reacting Systems and Bioreactors and Illustrative Example for reactor design specifications and mass transfer analysis in encapsulation motifs, respectively). Heat and momentum transport are major topics discussed in other chapters in this section of the handbook. Brief comments on the necessity for these studies are presented as here. 

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