Design curves

FIG. 10-102 Design curves for optimnn] single-stage ejectors, [DeFrate and Hoerl, Chem, Eng, Prog, 55, Symp. Sen 21, 46 (1959).]... 

When consistent units are used, the particle size will either be in meters or feet. The equation contains effects of cyclone size, velocity, viscosity, and density of solids. In practice, a design curve as given in Fig. 17-39 uses Dptk the size at which 50 percent of sohds of a given size are collected by the cyclone. The material entering the cyclone is divided into fractional sizes, and the collecdion efficiency for each size is determined. The total efficiency of coUection is the sum of the col-lecdion efficiencies of the cuts. 

FIG. 17-69 Design curves for electrostatic precipitators for fly ash. Collection efficiency for various levels of percent sulfur in coal versus a) specific collecting surface, and (h) bus sections per 100,000 ftVmin (4.7 mVs). °C = (°F — 32) X (Ramsdell, Design Criteria for Precipitators for Modern Central Station Power Plants, Amen c m Power Conference, Chicago, III., 1968. )... 

A final tool available is the vendor s ability to generate a set of off-design curves. By performing a stage-by-stage analysis of the proposed test gas, correlations are much easier to make. This is probably best illustrated by an example reported by Wong (9). 

For the conditions given, = 13.5 MN/m which is less than the permitted maximum of 15 MN/m and so the chosen dimensions are acceptable. Note that the stress is independent of the width, b. Fig. 2.24 gives a set of design curves for the situation considered so that it may be seen that other combinations of L, d and b could be chosen to meet the design specification. For example, L — 22 mm, d = 2.5 mm and b — 2 mm gives an insertion force of 4 N and a maximum stress of 14 MN/m which is again acceptable. 

Majumdar, S. et al., Interium Fatigue Design Curves for Carbon, Low Alloy, and Austensic Stainless Steels in LWR Environments, 1993. 

Figure 2-33 Hypothetical Two-Dimensional Failure Data and Design Curve...

In the case of the ASME codes for nuclear pressurised components, the questions of fatigue design and of flaw evaluation are dealt with separately in ASME Section III and Section XI Appendix A, respectively. The design S-A curve for machined butt welds typical of thick section pressurised components is set at a factor of two on stress range or twenty on cyclic life, whichever is more conservative, below the mean of S-N data developed on smooth cylindrical specimens in air. (A somewhat similar design curve obtained by a different method from experimental S-A data for machined butt welds is given in British Standard 5500.) These safety factors are intended to encompass any adverse influence of minor weld defects, size effects, data scatter and environment. As far as environmental effects are... 

The design methods and design curves given in the standards and codes should be used for the detailed design of vessels subject to external pressure. 

The P-i concept can also be used to collapse the results of a number of dynamic response calculations for structural elements into compact dimensionless design curves. A number of illustrations are given in Ref. 15, with one for blast-loaded beams with various boundary conditions appearing in Fig. 20. These curves give predictions of maximum dynamic bending strains and displacements for beams with a variety of boundary conditions. Details appear in Ref. 15, so we do not try to define all parameters here. 

So far we have considered just the traditional steadystate design aspects of this fluid flow system. Now let us think about what would happen dynamically if we changed Fq. How wiU fcy) and Fyj vary with time Obviously F eventually has to end up at the new value of f,. We can easily determine from the steadystate design curve of Fig. 1.2 where h will go at the new steadystate. But what paths will h, ) and F(,f take to get to their new steadystates ... 

Annual inspection, testing, and maintenance consist primarily of a full flow test of the pump. The flow test should be conducted at three points no flow (churn), 100% of rated flow capacity and 150% of rated flow capacity. The results of the flow test should be compared to previous flow tests and the design curve. Increasing the engine speed beyond the rated speed of the pump at rated conditions is not an acceptable method for meeting the rated pump performance. If the pump curve is more than 10% below the last flow test, then this indicates a potential problem with the pump and additional maintenance may be required. 

These data are derived from the Marshall design curves (10) the "optimum" contents meet all the criteria established for asphaltic mixtures. The optimum Sulphlex-233 content is at a slightly higher than equal volume replacement of the optimum AC-20 content. Reference (10) presents a fuller discussion of this topic. 

The mechanism, rate expressions, and the design curves developed satisfactorily represent the experimental data and hence can be used for scale-up and reactor design. 

Anecortave acetat (Retaane), a synthetic derivative of cortisol, has been delivered as a posterior juxtascleral depot to exert an angiostatic effect in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. The dmg is administered with a specially designed curved cannula at 6-month intervals. 

Figure 10.44. Design curve for the effect of gas flow on backmixing (a) cocurrent flow (b) countercurrent.

---