Design concept, basic

Design Concept, Basic Flow Physics, and Principle of Operation. 21... 

The design concept, basic flow physics, principle of operation, and advantages and disadvantages of vanes, sponges, and screen channel LADs (gallery arms) were outlined previously in Chapter 2. Sponges are not considered in this trade study because it was not desired to control the location of the ullage bubble. 

Once the designer has developed confidence in the analysis techniques pertaining to the various parts of a design concept (whether derived from mathematical models or from physical models), the designer can begin the process of synthesis. Synthesis is basically the combining of the analyses (and any other pertinent information) to... 

Some insight on what types of details should be used or avoided can be obtained by referring to AISC 1992. Additional discussions of the basic design concepts for structural steel connections are given in Chapter 6 of TR 1837 and Chapter 5 of TM5-1300. 

The choice of the proper piping concept is essential for a valid multipurpose plant design. The basic requirements for a piping system are, beside corrosion resistance for a wide array of substances, ease of cleanability (due to quality and costs) and, of course, a high degree of flexibility in order to ensure the needed multipurpose character of the plant. Typically, the following approaches are available ... 

Variations on the basic structural theme of 1 have led to a plethora of unusual macrocyclic systems, collectively known as porphyrin analogs or porphyrinoids. These molecules, often nontrivial to synthesize, exhibit remarkable physical and chemical properties and their chemistry has been extensively reviewed [2-18], With the impressive range of structural modifications introduced so far, the term porphyrinoid has ultimately expanded to encompass a wide range of often exotic macrocycles, some of which contain no pyrrole rings at all, or have a structural outline barely resembling that of porphyrin. Some of the generic modification types are shown in Fig. 1. Combination of these design concepts provides a virtually inexhaustible source of structural diversity. 

The development of successful applications depends on continued advancement of scientific understanding of basic principles. Clearly, greater understanding of this subject area will point the way to materials and design concepts that underlie a wide range of damping applications. The chapters in this volume contribute significantly. 

The brief discussion concerning the effects of certain variables reveals some basic design concepts ... 

There are a number of techniques that may be used in conjunction with heat exchangers, their design and basic concept, to assist in the maintenance of clean conditions during operation. The technologies are not widely employed but they will be briefly discussed for the sake of completeness. 

The Aerotrak Gas Cahbrator design, not a modification of some existing calibration techniqne, is a new and truly unique approach to Gas Cahbration. It is a closed loop positive displacemerrt cahbrator, combined with this new design concept is a powerful marriage with a Personal Computer and menn driven software program. The program antomatically controls the total operation of the calibrator. In addition to rapid data rednction the PC Screen displays Final Test Report and Curves. This new Closed loop principle affords the user an opportimity to calibrate both gas and liqitid with the same basic system. However, this paper will address only the Gas Applicatiorr. 

In this section we only stress some important concepts. In later sections we will review the design for basic processes. For more detailed information, see BraUa (1986) and Stillwell (1989). 

Part 1 of this section on analysis gives a survey of some of the more frequently used elementary analysis procedures along with a brief review of experimental design. The basic purpose of this section is to give a simple overview of the statistical concepts used in the application of these analysis techniques. Since computer programs are readily available for a more comprehensive analysis, a brief review of typical software analysis algorithms is also presented in Part 2. 

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