Basic flow

The basic flow sheet for the flotation-concentration of nonsulfide minerals is essentially the same as that for treating sulfides but the family of reagents used is different. The reagents utilized for nonsulfide mineral concentrations by flotation are usually fatty acids or their salts (RCOOH, RCOOM), sulfonates (RSO M), sulfates (RSO M), where M is usually Na or K, and R represents a linear, branched, or cycHc hydrocarbon chain and amines [R2N(R)3]A where R and R are hydrocarbon chains and A is an anion such as Cl or Br . Collectors for most nonsulfides can be selected on the basis of their isoelectric points. Thus at pH > pH p cationic surfactants are suitable collectors whereas at lower pH values anion-type collectors are selected as illustrated in Figure 10 (28). Figure 13 shows an iron ore flotation flow sheet as a representative of high volume oxide flotation practice. 

The flow meters discussed herein are divided into two groups based on the method by which the basic flow signal is generated. The first group... 

Two basic flow schemes are used tortuous path flow and sheet flow (Fig. 22-59). Tortuous path spacers are cut to provide a long path between inlet and outlet, providing a relatively long residence bme and high velocity past the membrane. The flow channel is open. Sheet flow units have a net spacer separating the membranes. Mass transfer is enhanced either by the spacer or by higher velocity. 

Consider the linear flow system of Figure 2-55. The following assumptions are necessary to establish the basic flow equations ... 

Basic flow diagrams should be available and, if not, the commissioning engineer must draw them up, against which actual plant performance can be checked. (See Figure 32.1.)... 

Figure 32.1 Basic flow diagram for liquid chilling process plant...

Two-phase mass transfer and heat transfer without phase change are analogous, and the results of mass-transfer studies can be used to help clarify the heat-transfer problems. Cichy et al. (C5) have formulated basic design equations for isothermal gas-liquid tubular reactors. The authors arranged the common visually defined flow patterns into five basic flow regimes, each... 

These flow configurations are grouped into the five basic flow regimes defined by Cichy et al. (the numbers refer to the above list) ... 

The analysis of tubular contactors for heat transfer with phase changes in fluid-fluid systems was shown to be heavily dependent on a proper understanding of two-phase hydrodynamics. It was shown that three basic flow patterns exist within a tube, each with a different heat-transfer mechanism. The formulation of the proper mass and energy models pinpointed three key... 

Figure 1. Basic flow system for mobility measurements.

Figure 5.3. Basic flow-sheets of a) a conventional, homogeneously catalyzed process and b) an aqueous-biphasically, homogeneous catalytic process. 1, Reactor 2 Separators) 3, Catalyst separator 4, Make-up 5, Further purification and processing, Gas recycles) 7, Catalyst recycle 8, Reactant feed 9, Withdrawal of high...

A BASIC FLOW INJECTION SYSTEM FOR CHEMILUMINESCENCE MEASUREMENTS... 

Equations 6.5, 6.7 and 6.12 all relate to the energy changes involved for a fluid in steady turbulent flow. The most appropriate equation is selected for each particular application equation 6.12 is a convenient form from which a basic flow rate-pressure drop equation will be derived. 

The second large-scale process was the batch mass suspension process. Monsanto did the pioneer work on this (41). In this process, prepolymerization is carried out in bulk and main polymerization in suspension the latter is taken to conversions of over 99%. In contrast to the continuous mass process, peroxide starters are used in order to achieve a high conversion at tolerable reaction times. Figure 3 shows a basic flow diagram of such a plant. A detailed discussion of advantages and disadvantages of the two processes can be found in R. Bishop s monograph published in 1971 (42), and it is continued in a paper by Simon and Chappelear in 1979 (43). It was a decisive factor for the economic success of impact polystyrene that these processes had been completely developed and mastered in theory and practice. 

The dispersion model is one of the frequently used models. It describes the dispersion of the residence time of the phases according to Fig. 9.16, for example, in one-dimensional flows by superimposing the plug profile of the basic flow with a stochastic dispersion process in axial direction, which is constructed by analogy to Pick s first law of molecular diffusion ... 

Figure 6 Basic flow-scheme of the alcohols synthesis process.

The final production process of composite propellant mixing is that of continuous mixing. The continuous mixing system was demonstrated as a production process in 1958. The basic flow sheet for the Polaris... 

The Retention Factor. The water velocity v, [m/s] in fractured rock can be calculated from the basic flow equation... 

The four basic flow-regimes in TBR are trickling, pulsing, spray, and bubble flows. 

The pilot plant has a throughput of about 25 kg water/h, and a basic flow-diagram is shown in Figure 9.4-11. 

Figure 9.4-12. Basic flow diagram of the SCWO pilot plant.

A selection of ammonia reactors is illustrated in Figures 17.21 and 17.22. These vessels incorporate particularly elaborate means for temperature regulation. The basic flow pattern is indicated in... 

Adsorption Separation and Purification Processes. Adsorption processes can be classified according to the flow system (cyclic batch or continuous countercurrent) and the method by which the adsorbent is regenerated. The Iwo basic flow schemes arc illustrated in Figure 3 The cyclic batch scheme is simpler but less efficient. It is generally used where selectivity is relatively high. Countercurrent or simulated countercurrent schemes arc more expensive in initial cost and arc generally used only for difficult separations in which selectivity is limited or mass-transfer resistance is high. 

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