Dermatophytes, pathogenic

A polycyclic xanthone 102, produced by a culture of an Actinoplanes sp., exhibits very potent antifungal activity against a variety of fungal pathogens including yeasts, dermatophytes, and Aspergillus [84]. 

High activity against fungi pathogenic to humans (dermatophytes, yeasts, biphasic fungi, molds)... 

Ulfig, K. (1996). Interactions between selected geophilic fungi and pathogenic dermatophytes. Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig. 47,137-142. 

Identification of a particular fungal pathogen is essential in many respects it will have an important role in therapeutic decision-making as in otomycosis, and with the arrival of the new antifungals it has become important to differentiate between yeast and dermatophyte infection as well as between dermatophytes themselves, as they may not respond similarly. Identification of the pathogen may also lead to the source of an infection and therefore enable initiation of measures against spread. 

Management tinea capitis is the typical example for the importance of an accurate identification of the pathogen, as proceedings are different for anthro-pophilic dermatophytes transmitted from child to child and for zoophilic species usually originating from one common source. 

The dimorphic systemic fimgi are phylogenetically closely related to the dermatophytes and can be included in the family Onygenaceae (fig. 3, 8) [135, 273, 274]. Five clearly different genera can be distinguished Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Emmonsia, Histoplasma and Paracoccidioides. Each comprises only a very few species and all are pathogenic. Species of Blastomyces... 

Clotrimazole, as a 1% solution, is the most effective topical fungicide for the treatment of otomycosis. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species, the most common pathogens responsible for these infections. It acts by interfering with the biosynthesis of ergosterol and is very effective for refractory or chronic cases caused by the dermatophytes or Candida species. ... 

A novel acetophenone-4-O-glucoside named nauplathizine was isolated as an active constituent from the antibacterial acetone extract of the aerial parts of Nauplius aquaticus (L.) [245]. The dichloromethane extract of underground parts of Calea uniflora Less, exhibited antifungal activities [246]. Four />-hydroxyacetophenone derivatives were isolated as the main compounds. Some of them showed antifungal activity, with MIC values between 500 and 1000 pg/ml against pathogenic Candida spp. and dermatophytes. 

The physician must decide whether to opt for systemic or topical treatment and which arguments will convince the patient to use one or both forms for the minimum period recommended. It is typical for mycoses that the period of treatment generally exceeds one week and may even last a few months. There is still a strong tendency to treat the organ or the part of the organ affected by the pathogenic microorganism. This is justifiable in the case of localized unifocal mycoses of the skin caused by dermatophytes. 

Another useful addition to the antifungal armamentarium is the hydroxypyridone ciclopirox. Its broad fungicidal activity includes all of the dermatophytes, yeasts, and M. furfur (versicolor). The neutral cream is therefore indicated for the various tinea infections (see Table 7-7) and superficial candidiasis. The mechanism of ciclopirox has not been fully determined, but appears to involve inhibition of uptake from the medium of precursors by the pathogen for the biosynthesis of the biopolymers needed for survival. 

Oxiconazole, Sulconazole, and Sertaconazole are imidazole derivatives used for the topical treatment of infections cansed by the common pathogenic dermatophytes. Oxiconazole nitrate (Oxistat) is available as a cream and... 

Similar conclusions were reached when tests were conducted to compare various human fungal pathogens, such as dermatophytic fungi and diverse Candida, and the usual antifungal substances (amphotericin B, miconazole, nystatin, griseofulvin, etc.). 138 possesses broad-spectrum activity with moderate potency (MICs from 2 to 16 Xg/ml). 

Chan, M.M., Antimicrobial effect of resveratrol on dermatophytes and bacterial pathogens of the Biochem. Pharmacol, 63 (2), 99-104, 2002. 

The occupational origin of many cases of tinea corporis is obvious and closely related to the species of the dermatophyte. Among others, the most common species are Microsporum canis (major hosts cat, dog). Trichophyton mentagrophytes (small rodents), M. persicolor (voles), T. verrucosum (cattle), and T. equinum (horses). M. praecox, living in the horse environment, is a pathogen for human skin. Extensive forms of dermatophytosis occurring mainly on the trunk and/or buttocks may be due to T. rubrum, an anthropophilic species of dermatophyte. 

Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Shokoohamiri M, Amirrajab N et al (2006) In vitro antifungal activities of Allium cepa. Allium sativum and ketoconazole against some pathogenic yeasts and dermatophytes. Fitoterapia 77 321-323... 

The activity of compounds was figured in minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), pgr/ml. Microbial load during the experiments was 110 KOE, in the experiments with micobacteria- 0,02 mg and with fungi- 110 KOE/ml. Bacteria were incubated for 18 horns at 37°C tuberculosis micobacteria- 14 days, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria- 9, 7 and 5 days correspondingly, fungi- for 24 hours at 25°C in Candida albicans experiments and 5 days in experiments with dermatophytes. Results of the experiments are given in the table. 

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