Dermatitis, biotin vitamin

Biotin (vitamin B ) is widespread in foods and is also synthesized by intestinal bacteria. It is a coenzyme for the carboxylation of pyruvate, acetyl-coenzyme-A (CoA), propionyl CoA, and /1-methyl-crotonyl CoA and is involved in fatty acid formation and in energy release from carbohydrates. In humans deficiencies only occur in patients with an abnormal gut flora and manifests itself as exfoliative dermatitis and alopecia. 

Biotin (Vitamin B7) Liver, yeast, meat, peanuts, eggs, chocolate, dairy products, grains fruits, vegetables Dermatitis, skui dryness, depression, muscle pam, nausea, anorexia (appetite loss). 

Biotin (vitamin H) Carboxylases Dermatitis, anorexia, depression... 

A chronically iU patient on long-term (home) parenteral nutrition develops metabolic acidosis, a grayish pallor, scaly dermatitis, and alopecia (hair loss). These symptoms subside upon addition of the B vitamin biotin to the alimentation fluid. 

Angelica polymorpha Max. A. sinensis (Oliv.) Diels Dan Gui (root) Vitamin 12, vitamin E, ferulic acid, succinic acid, nicotinic acid, uracil, adenine, butylidenephalide, ligustilide, folinic acid, biotin, polysaccharide33 Treat irregular menstruation, anemia, thrombophlebitis, neuralgia, arthritis, chronic nephritis, constrictive aortitis, skin disease such as eczematous dermatitis. 

Riboflavin was found to be most responsible for the stimulation of rat growth, while vitamin B6 was needed to prevent a facial dermatitis or "rat pellagra." Pantothenic acid was especially effective in curing a chick dermatitis, while nicotinamide was required to cure human pellagra. Biotin was required for growth of yeast. 

Biotin Deficiency. Relative to many of the vitamins, it is easy to induce a biotin deficiency by feeding volunteers raw egg white. Avidin, a basic protein found in egg white, forms salt linkages with acidic biotin and prevent its transport across the intestinal barrier. Cooked egg white is not a problem. Because biotin is found in the yolk, eating whole raw egg will not induce a deficiency. Deficiencies also were caused in patients on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) because biotin was not included in the early formulations. Symptoms include dermatitis, loss of hair color, and central neurological effects. 

The ingested avidin combines with biotin in stoichiometric amounts to yield a biotin derivative resistant to the action of the enzyme secreted in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. The vitamin can be liberated from the complex it forms with avidin only by heat treatment or by acid hydrolysis. Biotin deficiency is observed mainly in children under four years of age. In biotin deficiency, a scaling seborrheic dermatitis affects mainly the chest, neck, umbilicus, and groin. This infantile seborrheic dermatitis has reportedly been cured after biotin administration. Yet biotin doesn t affect seborrheic dermatitis in older children and adults. An exceptional form of biotin deficiency was reported in an Italian laborer who ate nothing but 10-20 raw eggs a day. The victim developed exfoliative dermatitis and conjunctivitis, which disappeared as soon as a more balanced diet was followed [73]. 

There is now substantial evidence that seborrheic dermatitis (an abnormally oily skin, which results in chronic scaly inflammation) of infants under 5 months of age is due to nutritional biotin deficiency. In such cases, blood levels and urinary excretion of the vitamin are depressed. Prompt improvement occurs with therapeutic doses of the vitamin, about 5 mg/day, given intravenously or intramuscularly. 

Biotin was discovered as a growth factor of yeast. Experiments with animals also produced deficiency symptoms (dermatitis, loss of hair) when avidin was administered. Avidin is a protein isolated from raw egg white that firmly binds biotin, and thus inactivates the vitamin. Excessive consumption of raw egg white apparently may cause biotin deficiency even in man. 

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