Depression response

Hamilton M Drug resistant depressions response to ECT. Pharmacopsychiatry 7 205-206, 1974... 

The finding by Fleisher et al. 7 that 2-PAM I facilitated response by skeletal muscle to acetylcholine and depressed responses to decamethonium and carbamylcholine, whereas III had only the depressant actions, suggests that 2-PAM has an activity that is not duplicated in III. The nature of this difference is not entirely clear. 

All of the opioid analgesics can produce significant respiratory depression by inhibiting brainstem respiratory mechanisms. Alveolar Pco2 may increase, but the most reliable indicator of this depression is a depressed response to a carbon dioxide... 

COMA An abnormal state of depressed responsiveness with absence of response to stimuli. 

Scrutton MC, Clare KA, Hutton RA, Bnidodorfer RR. Depressed responsiveness to adrenalin in patients from apparently normal human donors a familial trait Br JHaematol 1981 49 303 314... 

This herb is also known as St. Joan s wort, klamath weed, and goatweed. It has historically been used for many purposes, but most recently it is marketed as an antidepressant. In fact, it outsells all conventional antidepressants in Germany. The active constituent is hypericin that seems to act as a weak monoamine oxidase MAO inhibitor and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Dopamine and norepinephrine uptakes are also mildly inhibited. St. John s wort is available in many forms, as a tablet, tea, tincture, and the raw dried herb. For best results, a tablet standardized to contain 0.3% hypericin should be taken Kira by Lichtwer Pharma is the most extensively studied. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials using 300 mg of St. John s Wort three times daily have found it to be superior to placebo in mild to moderate depression. Response rates are generally regarded as inferior to conventional antidepressants, including... 

Tappia P.S., Yu C.H., Di Nardo P., Pasricha A.K., Dhalla N.S., Panagia V. Depressed responsiveness of phosphohpase C isoenzymes to phosphatidic acid in congestive heart failure. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 33 (2001b) 431 40. 

In summary, these recent trials illustrate that enhancing depression care has important impacts on pain control, independently of the antidepressant class. Interference with function, related to pain, appears to be a major determinant of depression response. There is a tight intertwining of response to both pain and depression, based on improving both simultaneously. 

PHA (Stimulation index 14.8 in controls compared to 3.0 in folate deficient). An in vivo measurement of cell-mediated immune function (skin test sensitivity to intradermal PHA injection) showed a depressed response in the deficient animals based on the degree of mononuclear cell infiltration. 

Following the observation that inadequate levels of methionine and choline during critical periods of embryonic development led to subclinical effects on the thymolymphatic system we examined the functional capacity of lymphocytes derived from these animals and their ability to react to SRBC immunization. Initial pilot studies with a limited number of animals showed a depressed response to the mitogen PHA in splenocytes from rats whose mothers were fed a marginal lipotrope diet during pregnancy (Newberne and Gebhardt,... 

Further studies by Williams et al. (1979) with a battery of mitogens showed that response to the T-cell mitogen Con A was also depressed in spleen cells while depressed responsiveness to PHA and PWM was seen in thymus cells (Table VII). It remains unclear whether the gestation or lactation period is the most critical. 

The kinetics of nitration of benzene in solutions at c. 20 °C in carbon tetrachloride have been investigated. In the presence of an excess of benzene (c. 2-4 mol 1 ) the rate was kinetically of the first order in the concentration of benzoyl nitrate. The rate of reaction was depressed by the addition of benzoic anhydride, provided that some benzoic acid was present. This result suggested that benzoyl nitrate itself was not responsible for the nitration, but generated dinitrogen pentoxide... 

Geriatric factors a variety of factors, both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic, that contribute to variable dmg responses in the elderly. These responses are not seen for every class of dmg. Thus, the depressant effects of the glycosides also appear to increase with aging (116,117). 

The replacement of the /V-methyl group on the nitrogen atom of the piperidine ring of morphine and analogues by aHyl, isopropyl, or methyl cyclopropyl, an isopropyl isostere, results in compounds which antagonize opioid responses, especially respiratory depression. Naloxone [465-65-6] C22H2 N04 (10... 

Normally, dietary tyramine is broken down in the gastrointestinal tract by MAO and is not absorbed. In the presence of MAOI, however, all of its potent sympathomimetic actions are seen. Other side effects of MAOI include excessive CNS stimulation, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, and in rare cases hepatotoxicity. Because the monoamine oxidase inhibitors exhibit greater toxicity, yet no greater therapeutic response than other, newer agents, clinical use has been markedly curtailed. The primary use for MAOIs is in the treatment of atypical depressions, eg, those associated with increased appetite, phobic anxiety, hypersomnolence, and fatigues, but not melancholia (2). 

In the earlier art, there was some consideration that partial incompatibility of the tackifier resin with the rubber was responsible for the appearance of tack, but this no longer is seriously held in light of continuing studies by many investigators. Aubrey [38] has addressed this in his review of the mechanism of tackification and the viscoelastic nature of pressure sensitive adhesives. Chu [39] uses the extent of modulus depression with added tackifier as a measure of compatibility. Thus in a plot of modulus vs. tackifier concentration, the resin that produces the deepest minimum is the most compatible. On this basis, Chu rates the following resins in order of compatibility for natural rubber rosin ester > C-5 resin > a-pinene resin > p-pinene resin > aromatic resin. 

Melting Point (MP) — the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. The melting point is not particularly sensitive to atmospheric pressure, but it is responsive to dissolved salts which depress the melting point. Thus, in winter, it is usual to salt sidewalks to keep water from freezing. 

The pour point of a crude oil or product is the lowest temperature at which an oil is observed to flow under the conditions of the test. Pour point data indicates the amount of long-chain paraffins (petroleum wax) found in a crude oil. Paraffinic crudes usually have higher wax content than other crude types. Handling and transporting crude oils and heavy fuels is difficult at temperatures helow their pour points Often, chemical additives known as pour point depressants are used to improve the flow properties of the fuel. Long-chain n-paraffins ranging from 16-60 carhon atoms in particular, are responsible for near-ambient temperature precipitation. In middle distillates, less than 1% wax can be sufficient to cause solidification of the fuel. ... 

Ethanol is classified for medical purposes as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. Its effects—that is, being drunk—resemble the human response to anesthetics. There is an initial excitability and increase in sociable behavior, but this results from depression of inhibition rather than from stimulation. At a blood alcohol concentration of 0.1% to 0.3%, motor coordination is affected, accompanied by loss of balance, slurred speech, and amnesia. When blood alcohol concentration rises to 0.3% to 0.4%, nausea and loss of consciousness occur. Above 0.6%, spontaneous respiration and cardiovascular regulation are affected, ultimately leading to death. The LD50 of ethanol is 10.6 g/kg (Chapter 1 Focus On). 

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