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Dependence with ethanol

The speed of the reaction depends both on the metal and on the alcohol, increasing as electropositivity iacreases and decreasiag with length and branching of the chain. Thus sodium reacts strongly with ethanol, but slowly with tertiary butyl alcohol. The reaction with alkaU metals is sometimes carried out ia ether, ben2ene, or xylene. Some processes use the metal amalgam or hydride iastead of the free metal. Alkaline earth metals and aluminum are often covered with an oxide film which hinders the reaction. [Pg.24]

Irradiation of the substituted pyrazole (523) gave the imidazoles (524) and (525). The amount of each isomer formed is solvent dependent. In ethanol 7% of (524) was formed together with 2% of (525). In cyclohexane, however, isomerization was more efficient, the percentages of the two isomers being 20% and 10%, respectively. [Pg.160]

Class 1 or 2, depending on the substrate used. We can see from Table 2, for example, that sucdnoglycan biosynthesis leads to a net production of ATP (Class 2) with ethanol as substrate, but the biosynthesis is energy requiring (Class 1) with glucose as substrate. [Pg.346]

Fig. 13.8 Dependences of the line width of Na atom emission on acoustic power for 2 M NaCl solutions with ethanol concentrations of 0.5 mM (asterisks), 1 mM (triangles) and 2 mM (closed circles). The Na line width without the addition of ethanol is denoted by open circles and has a maximum at 4.8 W... Fig. 13.8 Dependences of the line width of Na atom emission on acoustic power for 2 M NaCl solutions with ethanol concentrations of 0.5 mM (asterisks), 1 mM (triangles) and 2 mM (closed circles). The Na line width without the addition of ethanol is denoted by open circles and has a maximum at 4.8 W...
The clinical consequences of the currently used benzodiazepines range from sedation, muscle relaxation, seizure reduction, anxiolysis, and hypnosis. Clearly, it would be highly desirable to be able to separate some of these effects. In addition, it would be useful to reduce other undesirable consequences such as development of tolerance and dependence, abuse, synergistic interaction with ethanol, and memory impairment (for a comprehensive review see [22]). Animal models for some of the aforementioned conditions, in combination with transgenic mouse technology, have recently led to a deeper understanding of the contribution some of the individual a subunits make to these behaviors. [Pg.86]

Repeat the calculation of the previous problem for the initial condition that the air is at an initial temperature of 1000K. Further, calculate the burning time for the benzene in pure oxygen at 298 K. Repeat all calculations with ethanol as the fuel. Then discuss the dependence of the results obtained on ambient conditions and fuel type. [Pg.374]

C. J. Dickenson and F. M. Dickinson, A study of pH and temperature dependence of the reaction of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with ethanol, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde, Biochem. J., 147, 303-311 (1975). [Pg.145]

Kometani et al. [71] reported that baker s yeast catalyzed the asymmetric reduction of acetol to (i )-1,2-propanediol with ethanol as the energy source. The enzyme involved in the reaction was an NADH-dependent reductase, and NADH required for the reduction was supplied by ethanol oxidizing enzyme(s) in the yeast. When washed cells of baker s yeast were incubated with 10 mg ml of acetol in an ethanol solution with aeration, (k)-1,2-propanediol was formed almost stoichiometrically with an optical purity of 98.2% e. e. [Pg.120]

Alcoholism is among the major health problems in most countries. Dependence on ethanol, as with other addictive drugs, is expressed as drug-seeking behavior and is associated with a withdrawal syndrome that occurs after abrupt cessation of drinking. The ethanol withdrawal syndrome is characterized by tremors, seizures, hyperthermia, hallucinations, and autonomic hyperactivity. [Pg.415]

Half-lives from 2-40 h oral activity Hepatic metabolism-some active metabolites Toxicity Extensions of CNS depressant effects dependence liability Interactions Additive CNS depression with ethanol and many other drugs... [Pg.485]

Eszopiclone Bind selectively to a subgroup of GABAa receptors, acting like benzodiazepines to enhance membrane hyperpolarization Rapid onset of hypnosis with few amnestic effects or day-after psychomotor depression or somnolence Sleep disorders, especially those characterized by difficulty in falling asleep Oral activity short half-lives CYP substrates Toxicity Extensions of CNS depressant effects dependence liability Interactions Additive CNS depression with ethanol and many other drugs... [Pg.486]

Oxidation of acetaldehyde is inhibited by disulfiram, a drug that has been used to deter drinking by alcohol-dependent patients undergoing treatment. When ethanol is consumed in the presence of disulfiram, acetaldehyde accumulates and causes an unpleasant reaction of facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache. Several other drugs (eg, metronidazole, cefotetan, trimethoprim) inhibit ALDH and can cause a disulfiram-like reaction if combined with ethanol. [Pg.493]

For the Kaufmann method,3 even larger amounts of sulfate salt had to be removed before the [BCS] " salt was isolated. This was accomplished by the addition of excess ammonia and coprecipitation of ammonium sulfate and ammonium a-bromocamphor-7t-sulfonate, followed by extraction of the latter compound with ethanol. This method is clearly superior to previous methods, but from our experience the yields are variable, presumably because optimal sulfonation yields are critically dependent on reaction conditions, which consequently need to be carefully controlled. The following method combines... [Pg.25]

Preparation By extraction of poppy capsules or opium (opium contains 9-14 % morphine depending on the source) with water, precipitation with aqueous Na2C03 solution, washing of the precipitate with ethanol and dissolution in dilute acetic acid (Horner et al. (Knoll), 1977, Trauner et al.,1983, Hudlicky et al.,1996). [Pg.203]

Depending on the country where the drug is manufactured, a number of different time-release preparations are available. Palladone , a controlled-release preparation consisting of hydromorphone HC1 pellets, was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 2005. When taken with alcohol the pellets rapidly released their contents leading to dangerously elevated peak plasma concentrations.60 Interaction with ethanol and dose dumping is not the only concern. Any CNS depressant may enhance the depressant effects of hydromorphone. [Pg.58]

Foltin, R.W. et al., Behavioral effects of cocaine alone and in combination with ethanol or marijuana in humans, Drug Alcohol Depend., 32, 93, 1993. [Pg.86]


See other pages where Dependence with ethanol is mentioned: [Pg.224]    [Pg.224]    [Pg.433]    [Pg.545]    [Pg.226]    [Pg.391]    [Pg.411]    [Pg.1312]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.262]    [Pg.212]    [Pg.132]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.528]    [Pg.345]    [Pg.922]    [Pg.298]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.8]    [Pg.65]    [Pg.298]    [Pg.71]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.174]    [Pg.324]    [Pg.221]    [Pg.486]    [Pg.503]    [Pg.417]    [Pg.278]    [Pg.160]    [Pg.710]    [Pg.465]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.214 , Pg.289 ]




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Ethanol dependence

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