Dependence environmental variables

Among the physical factors, current velocity has a special significance for benthic biofilms because it can modulate the diffusion of metals through the biofilm and their effects [18, 40]. pH and organic complexation are particularly significant for metal bioavailability [42]. Therefore, metal toxicity will also depend on the influence that environmental variability has on its bioavailability. 

The goal of bioprocess control is to maintain important process variables in a bioreactor at a desired level regardless of time-dependent environmental changes. Process control will be performed by the following two steps based on the information obtained through the instrumentation. 

In terms of physiological conditions, DNA exists almost totally in the double-helical conformation. Certain oligonucleotides also exhibit the ability to form triple-helixes with the DNA double strands. The stability of DNA secondary structures strongly depends on the environmental conditions, such as ionic strength, pH, temperature and solvents. Temperature is the most widely used environmental variable for the quantitative characterization of the helix-coil transitions. A commonly accepted characteristic of the thermal stability of DNA secondary structures is melting temperature, Tm. The binding of cationic species, such as multivalent... 

Several studies have focused on clarifying the pathways of contaminant uptake.17,74-76 These will depend not only on the specific aspects of a contaminant, but will also be species-specific and influenced by environmental variables interpretational difficulties will inevitably ensue. For this reason, laboratory assays under controlled conditions are commonly used to assess the relative importance of each pathway in the overall contaminant accumulation in aquatic biota, and also the effect of altering environmental variables. Such studies can prove to be useful tools not only when... 

Corrosion fatigue depends strongly on the combined interactions of the mechanical (loading), metallurgical, and environmental variables.31... 

Influence of Environmental Variables on Racemization. The accuracy of the racemization dating method depends to a large extent on the reliability of the calibration. The calibration procedure presupposes that physical and chemical variables in the environment are evaluated when fcasp is determined. This assumption has been tested by investigating the effects of pH, rainfall, and temperature on fcasp ... 

Evidence exists that at least three reactions, hydrolysis, oxidation, and cross-linking, contribute to the deterioration of paper (4, 5, 6). The magnitude and rate of change of a specific physical property will depend on the extent one reaction proceeds relative to the others. It must also be recognized that each degradatlve reaction is affected differently by environmental variables and the results obtained from an accelerated aging test will depend on the selection of the environmental variables. It is therefore necessary to establish the relative importance of each environmental variable. 

Monoterpenes, Ci3-norisoprenoids, and some benzenoid compounds are the most important grape aroma substances present in the pulp and skin of berries in both free and glycoside forms. Profiles of these compounds in the grape are mainly dependent on the variety, even if environmental variables and agricultural practices influence their contents (Marais et al., 1992). These compounds are transferred to the wine in winemaking and depend on the process used. 

---