Deoxyadenylate

Quinacrine concentrates in the scolex of the parasite and causes the muscles needed for holding onto the intestinal wall to relax. The worms are stained yellow and pass from the body, still aUve. Quinacrine can intercalate with DNA and inhibit nucleic acid synthesis. It creates fluorescent bands in deoxyadenylate—deoxythmidylate-rich regions of DNA and has been used as a stain in the study of human genetics. 

The chemical nature of the monomeric deoxynucleo-tide units of DNA—deoxyadenylate, deoxyguanylate, deoxycytidylate, and thymidylate—is described in Chapter 33. These monomeric units of DNA are held in polymeric form by 3 5 -phosphodiester bridges constituting a single strand, as depicted in Figure 35-1. 

Figure 14 Fractionation of 40-60-base oligodeoxyadenylates. Column 0.41 x 5 cm column packed with cross-linked and methylated PEI on Hypersil , 3 p. Eluent 50 mM potassium phosphate, 15% acetonitrile, pH 5.9 with a gradient from 200-500 mM ammonium sulfate. Flow rate 0.5ml/min. Oligomers of deoxyadenylic acid were fractionated up to a degree of polymerization of 60.180 (Reproduced with permission of Academic Press from Drager, R. R. and Regnier, F. E., Anal. Biodiem., 145, 47, 1985.)...

CARNOSINE SYNTHETASE CHAPERONES CHOLINE KINASE CHOLOYL-CoA SYNTHETASE COBALAMIN ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE 4-COUMAROYL-CoA SYNTHETASE CREATINE KINASE CTP SYNTHETASE CYTIDYLATE KINASE 2-DEHYDRO-3-DEOXYGLUCONOKINASE DEHYDROGLUCONOKINASE DEOXYADENOSINE KINASE DEOXYADENYLATE KINASE DEOXYCYTIDINE KINASE (DEOXYjNUCLEOSIDE MONOPHOSPHATE KINASE DEOXYTHYMIDINE KINASE DEPHOSPHO-CoA KINASE DETHIOBIOTIN SYNTHASE DIACYLGLYCEROL KINASE DIHYDROFOLATE SYNTHETASE DNA GYRASES DNA REVERSE GYRASE ETHANOLAMINE KINASE EXONUCLEASE V... 

DEOXYADENOSINE KINASE DEOXYADENYLATE KINASE DEOXYCYTIDINE KINASE DEOXYCYTIDYLATE HYDROXYMETHYL-TRANSFERASE Deoxycytidylate kinase,... 

DNA is a linear polymer of covalently joined deoxyribonucleotides, of four types deoxyadenylate (A), deoxyguanylate (G), deoxycytidy-late (C), and deoxythymidylate (T). Each nucleotide, with its unique three-dimensional structure, can associate very specifically but non-covalently with one other nucleotide in the complementary chain A always associates with T, and G with C. Thus, in the double-stranded DNA molecule, the entire sequence of nucleotides in one strand is complementary to the sequence in the other. The two strands, held together by hydrogen bonds (represented here by vertical blue lines) between each pair of complementary nucleotides, twist about each other to form the DNA double helix. In DNA replication, the two strands separate and two new strands are synthesized, each with a sequence complementary to one of the original strands. The result is two double-helical molecules, each identical to the original DNA. 

During the past three years endonucleases have been discovered which possess a specificity which is considerably more refined than that shown by the nucleases considered thus far. Typically, these enzymes catalyze the cleavage of one or, at most, a few phosphodiester bonds in a DNA molecule composed of many thousands of nucleotide residues. In no instance has the basis for this remarkable specificity been established. However, in the case of the E. coli restriction enzymes the presence or absence of a methyl group on a specific deoxyadenylate or deoxycyti-dylate residue may be involved. 

Deoxyribose Deoxyadenosine Deoxyadenylic acid deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP) Deoxyadenosine diphosphate (dADP) Deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP)... 

Adenosine 5 -phosphate is also known as AMP (for adenosine monophosphate) or adenylic acid. If deoxyribose replaces ribose in adenosine 5 -phosphate, the terminology is dAMP or deoxyadenylic acid. The abbreviated names for some ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides are listed below. 

Adenine, A Adenylic acid, AMP Deoxyadenylic acid, dAMP... 

ECO RI ENDONUCLEASE. Eco RI endonuclease is one of the better studied endonucleases. It is a small protein of 276 amino acid residues (31,065 daltons) of known sequence (6,7). The active enzyme contains two subunits (8,9) and hydrolyzes the phospho-diester bond between the deoxyguanylic and deoxyadenylic acid residues of duplex 5 -GAATTC-3. On hydrolysis, there is an... 

It is noteworthy that the infected system contains the 2-deoxy-D-ri-bose nucleotides of adenine, guanine, and uridine, in contrast to the nucleotide in the normal system. It has, however, been reported that even the normal Escherichia coli cells contain 2-deoxyadenylic acid, 2-deoxy-guanylic acid, and thymidylic acid. 

The abbreviated notations pApCpG or pACG denote a trinucleotide of DNA consisting of the building blocks deoxyadenylate monophosphate, deoxycytidylate monophosphate, and deoxyguanylate monophosphate linked by a... 

Thus, the symbol ACG indicates that the unlinked 5 -OH group is on deoxyadenylate, whereas the unlinked 3 -OH group is on deoxyguanylate. Because of this polarity, ACG and GCA correspond to different compounds. 

Adenine (A) Deoxyadenosine Guanine (G) Deoxyguanosine Thymine (T) Thymidine Cytosine (C) Deoxycytidine Deoxyadenylate (dAMP) Deoxyguanylate (dGMP) Thymidylate (TMP) Deoxycytidylate (dCMP)... 

Y. Yeh. Experimental study of reaction kinetics by light scattering. Part 2 Helix-coil transition of the copolymer deoxyadenylate-deoxythymidylate (DAT). J. Chem. Phys., 52 6218-6224 (1970). 

DNA contains the bases adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). These bases are covalently attached to the deoxyribose phosphate to form nucleotides. The respective nucleotides are called deoxyadenylic acid (dA), deox)hhy-midylic acid (dT), deoxyguanylic acid (dG), and deoxycytidylic add (dC). The prefix "deoxy" indicates that the sugar is deoxyribose, rather than ribose. The word "acid" indicates that the ribose contains a covalently bound phosphoric acid group. 

Fukui, T., Kakiuchi, N. and Ikehara, M. (1982) Protein synthesis using poly(2 -halogeno-2 -deoxyadenylic acids) as messenger. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 697, 174-177. 

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