Dental precious

GoldJilloys, Wrought Type. Two types of wrought gold alloys were formerly recognized by the ADA specification no. 7 for the fabrication of orthodontic and prosthetic dental appHances, ie, type I, high-precious-metal alloys, and type II, low-precious-metal alloys (gold color). Alloys of this type are seldom used in the United States they have been replaced by stainless steels and nickel—titanium alloys. 

Bergman, M., Bergman, B and Soremark, R. Tissue Accummulation of Nickel Released due to Electrochemical Corrosion of Non-precious Dental Casting Alloys , Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 7, 325-300 (1980)... 

Elemental mercury is used industrially in electric lamps and switches, gauges and controls (e.g. thermometers, barometers, thermostats), battery production, nuclear weapons production, and the specialty chemical industry, including the production of caustic soda. Because elemental mercury has a high affinity for gold and silver, it has been, and continues to be, used in precious metal extraction from ore. Elemental mercury has been used for over one hundred years in mercury-silver amalgam preparations to repair dental caries. Mercury continues to be used in folk remedies and in certain cultural practices, with unknown public health implications. 

Daniel Gray perfected a stable bath from which indium can be plated simultaneously with other elements (90). Alloyed with precious metals, indium has been made into jewelry, alloyed with silver, it is sometimes used to plate silverware with a suiface resistant to tarnish in the form of an amalgam, it can be used for dental fillings (88, 89, 93) The portraits of Reich and Richter and much of the information about indium have been obtained through the kind assistance of Professor L. W. McCay of Princeton University and Professor O. Brunck, Rectoi of the Freiberg Academy. 

Aluminum Silicate. [Degussa] Piec i-tated aluminum silicate cby used in reinforced plastics, dental cements, glass industry, paint filler, mfg. of precious stones, enamds. 

This relationship between allergy and metallic biomaterials has also been confirmed for alloys used in dentistry Ni, Cr and Co in non-precious alloys (Hildebrand et al. 1989a, 1989b), and Hg and Ag in dental amalgams (Veronetal. 1986 Horsted-Bind-slev et al. 1997 Sandborgh-Englund et al. 

Precious, semi-precious, most Pd-base alloys, Ti-base alloys and stainless steel also produce excellent biological responses with a survival rate of 98% to 70% for the highest concentration. Two semi-precious alloys with high Ag-content reflect the cytotoxic effect of pure silver (Figure 5.1). Ni-Cr alloys (14% and 23%) induce a strong cytotoxic action, and dental amalgams produce total cell death at very low concentrations. 

Precious and semi-precious dental alloys, with some rare exceptions, are generally recognized as being harmless and perfectly bio-... 

Silver is a precious metal, used in jewelry and ornaments Other applications include its use in photography, electroplating, dental alloys, high-capacity batteries, printed circuits, coins, and mirrors. 

Products and Uses A mixture of mercury with silver tin alloy in dental fillings, and for silvering mirrors. It is also a binder for precious metals such as gold and silver. 

Green carbide. Aluminium oxide Ferrites, Natural stone (profiling) Precious stone. Dental Reinforced plastics. 

Table ld.l0 Physical Properties of precious dental alloys (Ref. 5, 8)... 

An attempt was made to break the precious metal applications down into major subsections to allow for their similar chemistry or use. In Table III, the U.S. noble metal usage for the years 1979-1983 is tabulated. Data for 1983 show that U.S. gold consumption was approximately 3,081,000 troy oz. A rough breakdown shows 1,696,000 troy oz used in jewelry and decorative applications, 1,030,000 troy oz in industrial applications, 352,000 troy oz in dental and medical uses, and approximately 3000 troy oz for investment purposes. Table IV lists the major silver uses for 1983, and Table V is a tabulation of 1983 U.S. consumption of the platinum group metals by application. 

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