Dendrimers Amidoamine

Fig. 2. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with carboxylate groups at the external surface...

Anionic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer was selected as a model of the soluble acidic-rich proteins to prepare CaC03 film on a poly(ethylenimine) film [49]. The CaCOj/polylethylenimine) composite film was obtained in the... 

D. Page and R. Roy, Synthesis and biological properties of mannosylated starburst Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers, Bioconjug. Chem., 8 (1997) 714—723. 

The synthesis and structure of a dendrimer can be illustrated by the well-known poly (amidoamine) type (called PAMAM), which describes the monomers making up the complete polymer. The synthesis starts from a core diamine (or ammonia) molecule. The diamine can be of various lengths and spacer arm properties and even contain cleavable components. Typically, the core... 

Hong, M.-Y., Lee, D., Yoon, H.C., and Kim, H.-S. (2003b) Patterning biological molecules onto poly(amidoamine) dendrimer on gold and glass. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 24(8), 1197-1202. 

Majoros, I., Thomas, T.P., Mehta, C.B., and Baker Jr., J.R. (2005) Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-based multifunctional engineered nanodevice for cancer therapy./. Med. Ghent. 48, 5892-5899. 

The team of Crooks is involved in the synthesis and the use of dendrimers and, more particularly, poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM), for the preparation of dendrimer-encapsulated mono- or bimetallic nanoparticles of various metals (Pt, Pd, Cu, Au, Ag, Ni, etc.) [55, 56]. The dendrimers were used as nanocatalysts for the hydrogenation of allyl alcohol and N-isopropylacrylamide or other alkenes under different reaction conditions (water, organic solvents, biphasic fluorous/or-ganic solvents or supercritical COz). The hydrogenation reaction rate is dependent on dendrimer generation, as higher-generation dendrimers are more sterically... 

Poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers are sold by the company DSM, Netherlands, under the name of Astramol . Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers are available as PAMAM dendrimers at Aldrich. 

Dendrons and dendrimers are the most intensely investigated subset of dendritic polymers. In the past decade over 2000 literature references have appeared on this unique class of structure controlled polymers. The term dendrimer was coined by Tomalia, et al. over 15 years ago in the first reports on poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers [75, 76]. It is derived from the Greek words dendri-(branch tree-like) and meros - part of). Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers constitute the first dendrimer family to be commercialized and undoubtedly represent the most extensively characterized and best understood series at this time. In view of the extensive literature information in this area, much of the remaining overview will focus on PAMAM dendrimers and will... 

Figure 1.21 Periodic properties for poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers as a function of generation G = 0-10 (I) flexible scaffolding (G = 0-3) (II) container properties (G = 4-6) and (III) rigid surface scaffolding (G = 7-10) various chemo/ physical dendrimer surfaces amplified according to Z = NCN where Nc = core multiplicity, Nb = branch cell multiplicity, G = generation...

Gel electrophoresis is widely used in the routine analysis and separation of many well-known biopolymers such as proteins or nucleic acids. Little has been reported concerning the use of this methodology for the analysis of synthetic polymers, undoubtedly since in many cases these polymers are not soluble in aqueous solution - a medium normally used for electrophoresis. Even for those water-soluble synthetic polymers, the broad molecular weight dispersities usually associated with traditional polymers generally preclude the use of electrophoretic methods. Dendrimers, however, especially those constructed using semi-controlled or controlled structure synthesis (Chapters 8 and 9), possess narrow molecular weight distribution and those that are sufficiently water solubile, usually are ideal analytes for electrophoretic methods. More specifically, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and related dendrimers have been proven amendable to gel electrophoresis, as will be discussed in this chapter. 

It is widely recognized that dendrimers are the first synthetic structure controlled polymers that rival the control and monodispersity observed for proteins. Their precise masses and behavior as analytes on electrophoretic gels demonstrate the contention that dendrimers (i.e. specifically poly(amidoamines)) may be viewed as artificial proteins . 

At the center of the dendrimer is the core that represents the first synthetic step in divergent synthesis, or the last step in convergent synthesis. Each concentric shell of branched units is a generation (X), designated (GX), of identical repeat units. Hundreds of chemical repeat units have been reported [3, 4], but our characterization has been focused primarily on poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), -(CH2CH2CONHCH2CH2N) < [1], or poly(propyleneimine)... 

Full generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers possessing amino surface groups are easily spread by spin coating on a mica surface to form films. Interdendrimer assembly events appears to influence these operations. Regardless of the generation levels examined, the film uniformity is determined primarily by the concentration of the dendrimer solution. 

Dvornic, P. R., de Leuze-Jallouli, A. M., Owen, M. J. and Perz, S. V. Radially layered poly(amidoamine-organosilicon) (PAMAMOS) copolymeric dendrimers in Clarson, S. J., Owen, M. J., Fitzgerald, J. J., Smith, S. D. (eds.), Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials, ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 729, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2000, pp. 241-269. 

GLYCODENDRIMERS BASED ON POLY(AMIDOAMINES) (PAMAM) DENDRIMERS... 

Predictions made by Mansfield et al. regarding the surface behaviour of dendrimers were confirmed by Tsukruk et al. who used poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (generations G3.5-G10) to construct self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [34,35]. PAMAMs of two adjacent generations with surface amine and carboxylic acid end-groups, respectively, were used in an electrostatic... 

Crooks et al. reported the transfer of amine-functionalized poly(amidoamine) dendrimers into toluene containing dodecanoic acid [198], The method is based on the formation of ion pairs between the fatty acids and the terminal amine-groups. These dendrimer-fatty acid complexes resemble unimolecular inverted micelles and could be used as phase transfer vehicles for the transport of Methyl Orange, an anionic dye molecule, into an organic medium. 

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