DEMS

The cathodic hydrogenation and anodic oxidation of benzene have been investigated by DEMS at Au(lll) and Au(332) electrode surfaces electrodeposited with ultrathin Pd films. The use of submonolayer Pd films was to eliminate possible interferences by (sub-surface) hydrogen absorbed in crystalline or thick-film Pd. The Au(332) surface was selected because, at fairly low submonolayer coverages (e.g., 0.14 monolayer), Pd preferentially deposits on the step sites as the coverage is increased (e.g., 0.82 ML), the 

Pd then plates onto the terrace sites (Fig. 11). On Au(lll), only terrace sites are exposed. In this manner, the surface electrochemical properties of the subject compounds at the steps and on the terraces surfaces can be compared. It should be recalled that aromatic molecules chemisorb only on Pd but not on Au the expectation is then that the lower the Pd coverage, the lower the amount (and subsequent electrocatalysis) of chemisorbed benzene. 

Although the data are not shown here, it will be mentioned that the CV and MSCV plots for benzene at Au(l 11)-0.6ML-Pd are not too different from those for Au(332)-0.82ML-Pd. In other words, reactions that occur at terrace sites are similar even if the structures of the underlying substrates are different [i.e., (Ill) vs. (332)]. Any noticeable divergence most likely arises from topographic differences as the smoother Au(lll)-Pd contains more contiguous uniform sites than the more corragated Au(332)-Pd electrode surface. 

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In the first place, the recovery of silver may have economical reasons as silver is a precious metal. The silver present in the used fixing solution, represents a value of typically I to 2 DEM/liter. This recovery was usually performed off-line, mostly by companies who gathered the fixing waste of many radiology sites. 

A. Werner, Neuere Anschauungen auf dem Gebiete derAnorganischen Chemie, 3rd ed., Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1913, pp. 92—95. 

W. L. Godfrey, R. Y. Dem, md J. C. Stouffer, Recovery ofMluminum Nitrate Nonahydratefrom REDOXMcid Waste, HW-82771-P3, General Electric Co., Dec. 1965. 

Constmction and dem olition (C D) debris is a potentiahy large source of recyclables. However, as of 1995, generation rates and ferrous scrap content were not weh estabUshed and estimates were highly variable. Eerrous materials in C D debris are typicahy reinforcing bars, wire mesh, and stmctural steel. Some of the scrap is sold for recycling once concrete is effectively removed and the scrap is sized to specification (17). 

Fig. 12. Diagram of the DEM ceU from Electrocatalytic, Inc. Cross sections of (a) divided, and (b), undivided configurations.

Whilhelmy, L., 1850, tlber das Gesetz nach welchem die Einwirkung der Sauren auf dem Rohrzucker stattfindet, Wilhelm Engelman, Leipzig. (In German.)... 

An imponant component of the complex metallizations for both semiconductor devices and magnetic media is the diffusion barrier, which is included to prevent interdiffiision between layers or diffusion from overlyii layers into the substrate. A good example is placement of a TiN barrier under an Al metallization. Figure 7a illustrates the results of an SNMSd high-resolution depth profile measurement of a TiN diffusion barrier inserted between the Al metallization and the Si substrate. The profile clearly exhibits an uneven distribution of Si in the Al metallization and has provided a clear, accurate measurement of the composition of the underlying TiN layer. Both measurements are difficult to accomplish by other means and dem-... 

Reaction of an achiral reagent with a molecule exhibiting enantiotopic faces will produce equal quantities of enantiomers, and a racemic mixture will result. The achiral reagent sodium borodeuteride, for example, will produce racemic l-deM/eno-ethanol. Chiral reagent can discriminate between the prochiral faces, and the reaction will be enantioselective. Enzymatic reduction of acetaldehyde- -[Pg.106]

Schneider, W. 1975. Uber den einflulS der schwerkraft auf anisotherme turbulente freistrahlen.— Abhandl. aus dem Aerodynamischen Institute der Rhein-Westf. Techn. Hochschule Aahen. H. 22. 

K. H. Presser, R. Becker. Mit lachgas dem luftstrom aut der spur. Heizung, Uift-unf /Klima, Haustechnik,, i9, January 1988, pp. 7-14. 

DEM protection of an indole is also effective (46-82% yield), and cleavage occurs efficiently with 2 A HCl (EtOH, rt, 0.5 h, 86-93% yield). ... 

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