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Demonstration plant coal liquefaction

Aspects of coal liquefaction have been much researched, particularly with the re-emeigence of interest caused by the oil crisis in the 1970 s. The type of reactors used in the studies has been various, ranging from small bomb type microautoclaves through larger autoclaves and bench-scale reactors to larger scale pilot or demonstration plants. The use of differently sized and designed high pressure equipment for liquefaction studies further complicates an already complex system and allows only limited comparison of results. [Pg.225]

A search of the recent literature indicates identifiable plans for 19 high Btu coal gasification, 10 medium and low Btu gas, and 15 liquefaction projects. These range from laboratory scale, through seeking funds for feasibility studies, to the construction of commercial scale demonstration plants. The implied coal input in Table V is based on extrapolations to commercial size of those projects which are sufficiently advanced to provide data on input and/or output, site, and time frame. Other projects may be included later but they could not make a contribution before the mid-1990 s. [Pg.15]

Some consideration ought to be given to designing a first commercial or demonstration plant to maximize operability rather than profitability. This can perhaps be done by seeking out the areas of high process severity and backing off to milder operating conditions. For example, in each of the liquefaction processes that are considered to be relatively advanced, H-Coal,... [Pg.26]

ER E discussions with Texaco and with Shell on bottoms processing are summarized herein. Texaco has indicated that its partial oxidation process could be applied to coal liquefaction bottoms on a commercial scale and that operation of their 12 T/D pilot plant with coal liquefaction bottoms representative of a projected commercial feedstock would be adequate to set the design basis for a commercial facility. Texaco indicated that three to four years after successful operation of the 12 T/D unit a commercial facility could be ready for startup. In initial discussions, Shell has indicated that development of the Shell/ Koppers partial oxidation process for coal liquefaction bottoms would involve operations of both their 6 T/D pilot plant and their 150 T/D demonstration unit. It was estimated that the 150 T/D facility might become available in the late 1980/early 1981 time frame for possible operation on vacuum bottoms. [Pg.89]

Another major concern with unproven technology is the capital cost. In the study of coal liquefaction costs that I referred to earlier, we saw plant capital cost estimates which increased by a factor of three since 1970. Howard Siegel referred to this in his comments when he was politely pointing out that some people s estimates were not as good as some other people s estimates. Demonstrations of commercial size technology are needed to get a better handle on reliability and a better handle on the actual cost. [Pg.209]

The SRC-I coal liquefaction process is designed to produce a clean, coal-derived solid fuel in a single, noncatalytic reaction step. (1) Design of a demonstration plant for the SRC-I process is new under way. (2) A two-step, hydrogen efficient modification of the noncatalytic SRC I technology has been proposed and studied extensively on a laboratory scale. (3-6) Two-step SRC I technology is also being tested in pilot plant scale facilities. 07, S)... [Pg.133]

Several processes have been developed for coal liquefaction. Large-scale pilot plants have been in operation for the solvent-refining coal (SRC) process, and a pilot plant is being constructed for the H-Coal process, which is a direct catalytic process. Construction of demonstration plants is under consideration. The coal liquids produced from the current processes contain large amounts of residual fuels. They probably will be used initially as boiler fuels for stationary power plants. However, the nitrogen content of coal liquids is much higher than the petroleum residual fuels. The sulfur contents of coal liquids can vary considerably they depend on the type of coal and the liquefaction process used. Current coal liquefaction processes are capable of produc-... [Pg.195]

Feasibility Study for a Demonstration Plant for Waste Liquefaction and Coal-Waste Coprocessing, US DOE, Contract No. DE-FC22-93PC93053, The Consortium for Eossil Fuel Science, 1 August 1995-30 June 1999. P.I., Gerald P. Huffman. [Pg.362]

Although the U.S. invested heavily in demonstration and pilot projects for coal liquefaction technologies in the last 30 years, no commercial plants have been built in this country. Several demonstration facilities have been built or approved which may lead ultimately to more significant installations. Most recently, a 5,000-barrel per day plant has been approved in Gilberton, Pennsylvania using anthracite waste as a feedstock (21,22). The plant will also... [Pg.19]

Britain and Germany had the most successful synthetic fuel programs. The others were either smaller-scale operations, such as France s three demonstration plants (two coal liquefaction and one F-T), Canada s bitumen liquefaction pilot plants, and Italy s two crude petroleum hydrogenating (refining) plants, or technological failures as were Japan s five commercial-size plants (two coal liquefaction and three F-T) that produced only about 360,000 barrels of liquid fuel during the World War II years [2]. [Pg.3]

Kohloel A coal liquefaction process used in a demonstration plant in Germany between 1981 and 1987. The coal is mixed with a recycled solvent and an iron catalyst and hydrogenated at 300 bar, 470°C. [Pg.193]

In direct liquefaction, coal is heated in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst such as cobalt-molybdenum or nickel-molybdenum on alumina to give a greater yield of high-quality hydrocarbons than that produced by pyrolysis. This hydrogenation process has been demonstrated in several 50- to 250-ton-per-day plants. [Pg.101]


See other pages where Demonstration plant coal liquefaction is mentioned: [Pg.49]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.258]    [Pg.159]    [Pg.34]    [Pg.74]    [Pg.2127]    [Pg.487]    [Pg.490]    [Pg.492]    [Pg.2376]    [Pg.1]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.574]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.50]    [Pg.349]    [Pg.87]    [Pg.93]   
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