Demand characteristics

EinaHy, the ecotoxicological studies, designed to assess the impact of the substance on the environment, embrace acute toxicity tests to fish and Daphnia, and a battery of tests for the biodegradabiUty of the substance and its biological oxygen demand characteristics. 

Describe any unusual load demand characteristics related to any output. These consist of intermittent loads such as motors, CR R, etc., and also any loads that may be removed from or added to the system as part of an overall system architecture, such as probes, handsets, and the like. 

Finally, it should be stressed that the case of william is presented to illustrate the potential of self-reporting of hypnotic depth. The effects of subtle factors in my laboratory, demand characteristics, and william s uniqueness must be assessed in the course of replication and extension of this work by others to establish how much of this potential holds up and becomes practically and theoretically useful. 

A recognition of the unreality of the detached observer in the psychological sciences is becoming widespread, under the topics of experimenter bias 55 and demand characteristics 45. A similar recognition long ago occurred in physics when it was realized that he observed was altered by the process of observation at subatomic levels, when we deal with d-ASCs where the observer is the experiencer of the d-ASC, this factor is of paramount importance. Not knowing the characteristics of the observer can also confound the process of consensual validation. 

This kind of relativity is becoming recognized in psychology under the topics of experimenter bias and the implicit demand characteristics of experiments. An experimenter s desire to prove the hypothesis he believes in not only can influence how he perceives his data, but also can subtly influence his subjects to cooperate in ways that will erroneously "prove" his hypothesis. Your beliefs about the nature of things around you can influence the way you see things and subtly influence others to uphold your view of reality. 

On the social psychology of the psychological experiment with particular reference to demand characteristics and their implications. Am. Psychologist, 1962, 17, 776-783. 

In the 2,2-diphenylethyl system [27(X,Y)] all the values are within a narrow range of 0.63 0.03 and tend to increase only slightly as the substituent in the unassisting aryl becomes more EW. Consequently, the r value of 0.6 can be referred to as the resonance demand characteristic of the /3-aryl-assisted mechanism. 

The current research focus within the sensor development field seems to be concentrated on miniaturization while incorporating multiple quantitative analytical capabilities. Other high-demand characteristics are shorter response time, minimal hardware requirements, multiple analyte and media capabilities, and improved sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity (Zemel 1990). Advancements and improvements for both biological and chemical threat agent sensors will have numerous other benefits to diverse applications, such as quality and process control, biomedical analysis, medical diagnostics, fragrance analysis, environmental pollution monitoring, and control forensics. 

Reduction of sensory input to a level as near zero as possible is a potent technique for inducing d-ASCs. In the fifties and early sixties, there were many sensory deprivation experiments during which the subject lay comfortably in a dark, quiet room without moving. The findings were interpreted as showing that if the brain did not receive sufficient sensory input, the subject went "crazy." It is now clear 46, 55 that practically all these studies were severely contaminated, as were the contemporary studies of psychedelic drugs, by implicit demand characteristics that account for most of the phenomena produced. If you a person through a procedure he thinks will make him crazy, in a medical... 

Most of the literature on pipeline transportation considers customer demands for the products at the depots to be served at the end of the planning horizon. An exception is proposed in Cafaro and Cerda (2008) where customer demands at the depots are associated with due-dates such that backorder costs are incorporated in the objective function. Moreover, the work proposes a rolling horizon model for updating and re-scheduling previously determined schedules according to updated demand characteristics. 

In ambulatory workload studies in operational enviromnents, it is essential, but often quite difficult, to adequately measure variations in task demands. The choice of demand measures depends on the nature of the task and on practical as well as theoretical considerations. Many operational tasks have multiple demand characteristics. Furthermore, as is illustrated in the following example, the nature of the demand characteristics and hypotheses about their relationship with specific psychophysiological processes need to be carefully considered. 

In a study of workload and stress among 18 military air traffic controllers (ATCs), Wientjes, ter Maat, and Gaillard (1994) employed a special purpose ambulatory 8-channel digital physiological recorder (see Wientjes, Spiekman, Benschop, Hoogeweg, 1994) in addition to paper-and-pencil questioimaires and observational methods. On the basis of extensive consultation of ATC experts, two workload measures were collected that were hypothesized to reflect two distinct aspects of the demand characteristics of the ATC task (a) the number of aircraft that were simultaneously under control per time unit, and (b) the number of potential conflict situations per time unit (i.e., when, mostly due to miscommunication, an aircraft under control was potentially in conflict with another aircraft and special measures were necessary to prevent accidents). 

However, if we prioritize access to capacity for product 1 (which has a higher variability), then the new lead times, using the formulas provided earlier, would be Z, = 1.12 and L2 = 4.03 days. With these lead times, notice that the corresponding safety stock for the first product would be 272.55 units (which decreases from the earlier case), while the safety stock for the second product would be 103.15 units (which increases from the earlier case). Note that the total inventory across both products is now 375.72 units. This decrease in inventory reflects the benefit of tailoring access to the supply chain based on product demand characteristics. Notice that giving priority to the more variable product permits its lead time to decrease, thus decreasing the safety stock for that product. But clearly this comes at a cost to the less variable product, whose lead time increases but at a slower rate. Thus, we have traded off lead time customization for an aggregate decrease in the overall inventory. 

The project [33] describes a new system in which truck capacity was split so that deliveries of engineering goods, whose demands were predictable, were done once every two weeks. However, delivery of hard-to-predict educational supplies was done overnight, via the school s internal mail system. This synchronization of delivery lead times to part demand characteristics improved system performance. The reorganized system observed faster delivery without any increase in truck capacity and reduced costs by over 150,000 per year. 

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