Effects delay-related

Some OP compounds induce delayed neurotoxic effects ("delayed neuropathy") after acute poisoning. This delayed neurotoxic action is independent of cholinesterase inhibition but related to phosphorylation of a specific esterasic enzyme in the nervous tissue, called "neurotoxic esterase" or "neuropathy target esterase" (NTE) (Johnson, 1982). NTE is present in the nervous tissue, liver lymphocytes, platelets, and other tissues, but its physiological function is unknown. There is a rather large inter-individual variation of lymphocyte and platelet NTE activity (Table 2). 

A dose-related increase in genotoxicity is one of the relevant criteria for identification of positive findings. In practice, this will be most helpful for in vitro tests, but care is needed to check for cytotoxicity or cell cycle delay, which may cause deviations from a dose-response related effect in some experimental systems. 

Valdez GR, Inoue K, Koob GF, Rivier J, Vale WW, Zorilla EP (2002) Hiunan imocortin II mUd locomotor suppressive and delayed anxiolytic effects of a novel corticotropin-releasing factor related peptide. Brain Res 943 142-150... 

A physician friend of mine has expressed it using a neurological vocabulary "If it [the drug] delayed only the neural response to a stimulus, then pitch might have been shifted down, and yet harmony between notes should have been preserved. A variable delay related to the pitch of the stimulus would produce the disharmony but would not explain the preservation of normal relationship between single tones. It seems clear that this compound affects the auditory processing centers in the brain in a complex way which deserves further scientific study. The lack of significant toxic effects should make this compound useful for further studies."... 

Hence, women taking antiepileptic drugs should discuss the potential risks with their family members and physician, and consider whether they will continue taking their medication(s).38 If an expectant mother continues to take her medication(s), using one drug (monotherapy) at the lowest effective dose will help reduce the risk of harmful effects on the fetus.1,43 In addition, mothers should receive optimal prenatal care (folic acid supplementation, proper amounts of exercise, rest, and so forth) to help ensure the baby s health.27,43 After delivery, the baby should be monitored initially for drug-related effects such as withdrawal symptoms, and should be subsequently evaluated for developmental delays that might become apparent later in childhood.27... 

In this model, the rate constant ky was originally considered to reflect a distributional delay of drug from plasma to the effect compartment. However, it can also be regarded as a constant producing the delay in effects in relation to plasma, irrespective of whether this is caused by distributional factors, receptor events, production of a mediator of any kind, etc. 

Decibel The unit nsed for the measurement of the intensity of sound on a logarithmic scale based on measurements of sound intensity in watts per square meter and related to a reference. For instance, 10 W/m is the intensity of the quietest sound perceptible to the hnman ear Decomposition The breakdown of chemical snbstances into other substances or parts of componnds nsnally associated with heat or chemical reactions Delayed health effect A disease or an injnry that happens as a resnlt of exposure to chemical substances that might have occnrred in the past Delney clause An amendment enacted in 1958 to the Pnre Food Act that prohibits the addition to food of all detectable amonnts of a carcinogen Dementia (senile dementia) An acqnired progressive impairment of intellectual function... 

The actinomycetes (order Actinomycetales) are nonmotile organisms that may be considered as intermediate forms between bacteria and molds. They occur abundantly in soils, composts, river and lake bottoms, in dust particles, and upon plant surfaces. The order is divided into three families comprising a number of genera. These genera are represented in nature by many thousands of species, of which several hundred have been scientifically characterized. Recent interest in the antibiotics elaborated by the actinomycetes first centered on the substance streptothricin, isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae (formerly named Actinomyces lavendulae). When this antibiotic was found to exhibit dangerous delayed toxicity effects, attention was turned to streptomycin, which had been isolated from the culture medium of a related organism. 

Inhalation studies with mice and rats indicate that TCE is a developmental toxicant. Fetotoxicity is expressed mainly as skeletal ossification anomalies and other effects consistent with delayed maturation. Oral studies with rats and mice showed no trichloroethylene-related effects on fertility or other indicators of reproductive performance. No definitive teratogenic effects have been reported regarding exposure to TCE. 

A closely related technique can be used for multi-slice imaging (Fig. 6.2.7) [Fral]. The scheme of Fig. 6.2.5(c) is appended by further slice-selective 90° pulses with different centre frequencies, so that the magnetization of other slices is selected [Fral]. In this way, the otherwise necessary recycle delay can effectively be used for acquisition of additional slices. However, the contrast in each slice is affected by a different Ty weight, because is different for each slice. The technique can readily be adapted to line-scan imaging by applying successive slice-selective pulses in orthogonal gradients [Finl]. 

Yokoyama, K., Araki, S., Murata, K., Nishikitani, M., Okumura, T., Ishimatsu, S., and Takasu, N., A preliminary study on delayed vestibulocerebellar effects of Tokyo subway sarin poisoning in relation to gender difference Frequency analysis of postural sway, JOEM, 40, 17, 1998. 

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