Dehydration, artificial

A terpene yielding isofenchyl alcohol on hydration, which Wallach considers to be one of the fenchenes, was artificially prepared by converting nopinone into a hydroxy ester by means of bromoacetic ester and zinc-dust. The hydroxy ester is dehydrated by potassium bisulphate, and so yields an unsaturated ester, which on saponification yields an acid from which the terpene results by distillation. This fenchene has the following characters —... 

Kaiser, W.M., Schroppel-Meier, G. Wirth, E. (1986). Enzyme activities in an artificial stroma medium An experimental model for studying effects of dehydration on photosynthesis. Planta, 167, 292-9. 

In 1958 Sarda and Desnuelle [79] discovered the lipase activation at the interfaces. They observed that porcine pancreatic lipase in aqueous solution was activated some 10-fold at hydrophobic interfaces which were created by poorly water-soluble substrates. An artificial interface created in the presence of organic solvent can also increase the activity of the lipase. This interfacial activation was hypothesized to be due to a dehydration of the ester substrate at the interface [80], or enzyme conformational change resulting from the adsorption of the lipase onto a hydrophobic interface [42,81,82]. 

The terms embalming and mummification are often employed as synonyms to refer to the deliberate preservation of corpses so that they keep, as much as possible, their lifelike appearance. To embalm or mummify a dead body is to preserve it by artificial, chemical means. Dehydratation, the removal of water, for example, provides suitable conditions for the preservation of organic mater in general and of corpses in particular many ancient corpses have been mummified by dehydration. In some ancient societies, after the corpse was dry it was impregnated or filled with aromatic substances, usually known as balms, such as molten resin, pitch, or tar, preventing it from becoming unsightly. 

Uses Manufacture of artificial leathers, plastics, safety glass, photographic films, lacquers as a solvent in the production of perfumes, natural gums, and synthetic resins solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers dehydrating agent. 

Uses Denaturant for ethyl alcohol manufacturing flavors, perfumes (artificial musk), flotation agents solvent paint removers octane booster for unleaded gasoline dehydrating agent chemical intermediate. 

Was first obtained by Moureau (Ref 2). Current methods of prepn include dehydration of S-hydroxypropionitrile or pyrolysis of cyano-ethylacetate(Ref 5). It is somewhat poisonous and sustained exposure to its vapors should be avoided (Refs 4,5,7 8). It is manufd on a large scale for use in making oil-resistant artificial rubber of GR-N type, as well as plastics, etc (Refs 3,4,5 7). Absorption spectra and some other physical props are given in Ref 4 Refs 1)Beil 2,400,(186) [388] 2)... 

Morphine, C17H19N03, 2 1/2 to 2% — The principal alkaloid, occurring in the drug in the form of the tribasic meconate. Its properties are anodyne, hypnotic, and narcotic. From it, by a process of dehydration by heat and hydrochloric acid, is prepared the artificial alkaloid apomorphine, a powerful emetic and expectorant. 

A similar study carried out on Malvasia delle Lipari grapes (Corte et al. 2001) showed that in the relevant passiti wine the content of glycosylated terpenes was extremely high, particularly in a sample obtained from grapes dried in an artificial dehydration system the wine obtained from the use of this artificial dehydration showed a glycosylated terpene... 

Heating blue vitriol increases its aqueous tension, and thus the dehydration by heating is in fact an artificially induced efflorescence. 

Conclusion Although the impact of freeze drying on both the survival rate and heterologous activity of yeasts in the artificial digestive system was found to be adverse, lyophilization appears to be a convenient technique for the dehydration of recombinant S. cerevisiae. Among the tested cryoprotectants, the association of milk proteins and trehalose was the most efficient to maintain the CA4H activity of... 

Heat catalyzes free radical formation in cellulose. Aldehydes form from C2 and C3 hydroxyls. Aldehydes oxidize to carboxyls, and with dehydration, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (C02) form as well as conjugated carbonyl-ethylenic chromophoric groups that selectively absorb blue light and impart yellowness (35). During the induction stage of cellulose oxidation, yellowness may increase steadily with selective carbonyl and ethylene group formation. By artificially aging... 

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